Forensic anthropology is a neglected branch of physical anthropology in

Mass disaster often happened in Indonesia. Sex identification is one of the important things for determining the identity of the victims. Sex can be identified based on the size of the teeth.  The study determine the differences of maxillary first molar and mandibular caninus tooth size between male and female student in Faculty of Dentistry University of Jember. The sample of this study consisted of 34 tooth models of female and 6 tooth models of male that measured in mesiodistal and bucolingual width of maxillary first molar and mandibular caninus with a digital caliper. Data were analyzed using Independent T-test. There were significant differences (p ≤ 0,05) of maxillary first molar and mandibular caninus size between male and female. Mesiodistal and bucolingual width of maxillary first molar respectively are 10.64 mm, 11.90 mm in males, and 10.16 mm, 11.16 mm in females. The mesiodistal and bucolingual width of mandibular caninus are 7.13 mm, 7.85 mm in males, and 6.66 mm, 7.08 mm in females. It can be concluded that there was a difference in size of maxillary first molar and mandibular caninus between male and female. Keywords: sex identification, masiodistal width, bucolingual width, maxillary first molar, mandibular caninus

Forensic identification is an effort to help law enforcement officers to reveal a person's identity. Personal identity is often a problem in criminal and civil cases as well as cases related to death without identity and mass disasters. Age estimation is very important in forensic identification. DNA methylation is a potential epigenetic modification for age estimation because the aging process of DNA resembles the developments regulated in processes that are tightly controlled by specific epigenetic modifications. In most cases of violent crime, bloodstains can be found at the crime scene. Bloodstain may come from victims, perpetrators of crime, or both. Bloodstain can be used to scientifically reveal the correlation between DNA methylation from bloodstain and the age of unknown person. This study aimed to determine the correlation betweeen DNA methylation from bloodstain and a person's age. The study was conducted at the Institute of Tropical Disease of Universitas Airlangga from July to October 2019 using the analytic observational approach on 10 samples consisting of 5 male and 5 female samples. It was discovered that the correlation coefficient between DNA methylation and age in male subjects was 0.888 with a significance value of 0.04 and 0.834 in female subjects with a significance value of 0.079. In conclusion, there is a significant correlation between percent methylation and age in male subjects. However, this correlation is not statistically significant in female subjects.

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The ovaries represent the female reproductive organs that determine the women's fertility status and their systemic and oral health, correlating to sex steroid hormone alteration. This study aimed to investigate the effect of cassava leaves extract treatment to SOD expression in the animal model-ovaries after Porphyromonas gingivalis injection. 15 female Sprague Dawley rats were used and divided into five groups: (1) control without cassava leaves extract treatment (C); (2) P. gingivalis without cassava leaves extract treatment (T1); (3) P. gingivalis and cassava leaves extract (T2); (4) P. gingivalis and vitamin C (T3); and (5) P. gingivalis and metronidazole (T4). Animal were euthanised at day seven after the initial treatment to collect ovaries. The ovaries sections were immunohistochemically stained to quantify SOD expression using light microscope while the Image J software was used to quantify the SOD expression. The results showed that all of the follicle types had the same intensity of SOD expression. Most of the follicles exhibited low intensity of SOD expression, except for atretic follicles. In conclusion, P. gingivalis and cassava leaves extract influenced SOD expression in the ovaries of animal models, which increased the SOD expression.