Using the interferometric fringes generated by the phase difference between a pair of synthetic‐aperture radar (SAR) images acquired by the ERS‐1 satellite, we estimate the focal mechanism of a small, shallow thrust earthquake. The inversion procedure is an iterative, linearized least‐squares algorithm based on a standard elastic dislocation formulation for coseismic displacements. Our preferred estimate is a thrust focal mechanism with its hypocenter at (N34.35° ± 0.4 km, W116.91° ± 0.2 km, 2.6 ± 0.3 km depth) on a plane dipping southward beneath the San Bernardino Mountains, with a moment magnitude (Mw) of 5.4. The strike, dip, and rake are N106°E ± 7°, 28° ± 4°, and 93° ± 4°, respectively on a fault 3.1 ± 0.5 km wide and 2.9 ± 0.4 km long. The precision of these estimates is competitive with seismological determinations.
This article provides useful information for universities offering forestry programs and facing the growing demand for bioeconomy education. An explorative survey on bioeconomy perception among 1400 students enrolled in 29 universities across nine European countries offering forestry programs was performed. The data have been elaborated via descriptive statistics and cluster analysis. Around 70% of respondents have heard about the bioeconomy, mainly through university courses. Students perceive forestry as the most important sector for bioeconomy; however, the extent of perceived importance of forestry varies between countries, most significantly across groups of countries along a North–South European axis. Although differences across bachelor and master programs are less pronounced, they shed light on how bioeconomy is addressed by university programs and the level of student satisfaction with this. These differences and particularities are relevant for potential development routes towards comprehensive bioeconomy curricula at European forestry universities with a forestry focus.
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