Cajui (Anacardium spp.) is a native fruit tree (small cashew) of the Brazilian Cerrado and possesses the potential for commercialization. However, cajui exploitation occurs exclusively through extractivism in the absence of conservation strategies. The lack of conservation strategies may lead to a decrease in genetic diversity of Anacardium. In this work, the genetic diversity and population structure of three natural populations in Sete Cidades National Park (PNSC; PI, Brazil) were assessed using ISSR analysis of 56 cajui accessions and two A. occidentale accessions (outgroup) from Pacajus (CE, Brazil). A total of 112 markers were obtained, 93 (83.04%) of which were polymorphic. The diversity indices of these populations indicated moderate levels of genetic diversity. According to AMOVA, 96.17% of the genetic variability lay within populations, with low genetic differentiation among populations (ΦST = 0.03828). Furthermore, STRUCTURE analysis indicated the existence of four connected genetic groups. The findings show that the individuals from the three collection sites did not represent different subpopulations, likely due to the high gene flow (Nm = 6.7) favored by the floral biology of Anacardium, pollinators and small-animal seed dispersers. This research identifies genetically divergent individuals (C-03, C-05, C-22, C-26, C-34 and C-39), which should be considered priority individuals for conservation and can inform conservation programs for Anacardium spp.
A biodiversidade dos organismos é resultante da evolução biológica. Os processos evolutivos estão imbricados com as mais variadas áreas da biologia o que demonstra a importância desse conhecimento para a compreensão de inúmeros fenômenos biológicos. Apesar disso, é notória em diversas situações, a dificuldade dos discentes em compreender os principais aspectos do processo evolutivo. Este trabalho teve como objetivo analisar as concepções sobre o processo evolutivo dos discentes do ensino médio técnico integrado de uma escola pública da rede federal. Participaram desta pesquisa 137 discentes, sendo entrevistados por meio de questionário composto de sete itens. Os resultados demonstram que os discentes associam de forma incorreta o processo evolutivo com os termos: melhoria, progresso ou complexidade, além de possuírem dificuldades em associar a evolução com as demais áreas da biologia. Recomenda-se que os conteúdos a serem ministradas durante esta etapa da educação básica ocorra de forma articulada, de modo a diminuir as dificuldades apontadas.
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