The APS Journal Legacy Content is the corpus of 100 years of historical scientific research from the American Physiological Society research journals. This package goes back to the first issue of each of the APS journals including the American Journal of Physiology, first published in 1898. The full text scanned images of the printed pages are easily searchable. Downloads quickly in PDF format.

The authors have studied the acute effects of the intravenous and intia-arterial injection of the sodium salt of adenosine triphosphate (ATP) in man. Rapid injection causes a frightening sensation in the chest and hYperpnea. The Supported by a grant-in-aid from the National Heart Institute, United States Public Health Service. adenosine triphosphate rather than with its ease of deamination. By injecting a mixture of adenyl pyrophosphatase, alkaline phosphatase, and adenosine deaminase intravenously in rabbits receiving an infusion of adenosine triphosphate, Kalekar and Lowry4 were able to block the depressor effect of adenosine triphosphate.However, when these enzymes were injected into rabbits and dogs in traumatic shock, no protective action on blood pressure occurred and insignificant amounts of adenosine derivatives were found in the blood. They concluded that the release of adenylic acid compounds probably does not play a primary role in the etiology of traumatic shock.It first seemed reasonable to Szent-Gydrgyi"1 that the energy for the breakdown of adenosine triphosphate is necessary for the relaxation of muscle to a state of high potential energy.

The effects of normal respiration upon the heart, blood pressure, and peripheral circulation were studied in normotensive and hypertensive subjects. Changes of right and left ventricular output were measured by the ballistocardiogram and the pressure-pulse method of Remington, peripheral blood flow by plethysmographs. The central and peripheral changes were interrelated and evidence is presented that the latter are chiefly due to the effects of intrathoracic pressure upon cardiac filling.F OR MANY years it has been known that quiet respiration is accompanied by certain changes in the dynamics of the circulation. On inspiration the output of the right ventricle increases, that of the left decreases,'-6 arterial pressure falls7-" and regional blood flow is diminished.'2-'4 During expiration the direction of the changes is reversed. Their origin has been attributed to the effects of variations of intrathoracic pressure upon the filling of the right heart which in turn affects the filling of the left heart.2-6 The depth, type and rate of respiration7' 11 influence the magnitude of the changes to some degree. There is no information on the effects of quiet respiration upon peripheral resistance.Most of the above studies have been made on laboratory animals. Rather drastic procedures were used and either central or peripheral circulatory changes were investigated. The present study represents an attempt to interrelate all the changes in man, using technics designed to cause as little disturbance to the subject as possible. In addition, the reactions of normotensive and hypertensive individuals were compared.From the Hypertension Division, Department of Internal Medicine, Washington University School of Medicine, and the St. Louis City Hospital, St. Louis, Mo., aided by grants from the National Heart Institute, United States Public Health Service, and the Eli Lilly Company. 278 METHODSSimultaneous measurements were made of the variations of the output of each ventricle, of arterial pressure and of volume flow through various peripheral areas. Blood pressure was measured directly by a Hamilton optical manometer"' through a 20 gage hypodermic needle in the brachial artery. Respiration was recorded by a pneumograph strapped about the thorax. Directional changes in regional blood flow were estimated with photoelectric plethysmographs applied usually to the lobe of the ear, the toe tip and finger tip. In a few instances they were followed in the forearm and hand with an air plethysmograph. Similar changes were found in other regions of the body, i.e., the scrotum, cheek, tongue, and rectovaginal septum. These instruments did not provide quantitative measurements of blood flow, but directional changes were estimated from the diastolic volume of the part. All electrical signals were led through direct current

No abstract

No abstract