Background. Untreated nephropathy can progress to renal failure. The traditional Mongolian remedy Narenmandula regulates the kidney “yang.” This study aimed to identify key microRNAs (miRNAs) targeted by Narenmandula in a rat model of nephropathy. Methods. Fifteen rats exhibiting normal renal function were randomized to three study arms. Nephropathy was induced in n = 10 rats using doxorubicin hydrochloride, followed by either Narenmandula treatment (treatment group) or no treatment (control group). In n = 5 rats, no doxorubicin was given and renal function remained unchanged (healthy group). Microarray analysis identified miRNAs which were differentially expressed (DE-miRNAs) between groups. Target genes of DE-miRNAs were predicted using miRWalk version 2.0, followed by enrichment analysis using DAVID, and construction of the miRNA coregulatory network using Cytoscape. Results. Nephropathy was successfully induced, with doxorubicin resulting in differential expression of 3645 miRNAs (1324 upregulated and 2321 downregulated). Narenmandula treatment induced differential expression of a total of 159 miRNAs (102 upregulated and 57 downregulated). Upregulated DE-miRNAs (e.g., miR-497-5p, miR-195-5p, miR-181a-5p, miR-181c-5p, and miR-30e-5p) and downregulated DE-miRNAs (e.g., miR-330-3p and miR-214-3p) regulated a high number of target genes. Moreover, the miRNA pairs (e.g., miR-195-5p—miR-497-5p, miR-181a-5p—miR-181c-5p, and miR-30e-5p—miR-30a-5p) coregulated a high number of genes. Enrichment analysis indicated functional synergy between miR-30e-5p—miR-30a-3p, miR-34a-5p—miR-30e-5p, miR-30e-5p—miR-195-3p, and miR-30a-3p—miR-195-3p pairs. Conclusion. Narenmandula may modulate doxorubicin-induced nephropathy via targeting miR-497-5p, miR-195-5p, miR-181a-5p, miR-181c-5p, miR-30e-5p, miR-330-3p, miR-214-3p, miR-34a-5p, miR-30a-3p, and miR-30a-5p.

Introduction: HIV/AIDS Infection is one of the commonly encountered illness in our setup. It causes morbidity and mortality worldwide, and the number of HIV-infected patients has increased dramatically in the past decade. Current study aimed to record serum albumin level in patients suffering from HIV infection. Material and methods: A total of 175 subjects were studied over a period of 3 months. History and examination were done according to the proforma after taking written informed consent. Routine investigations included CD 4 Count and LFT. All data were entered in the master chart and analysed using SPSS Version 20 software Results: Out of 175 subjects majority were in age group of 41 to 50 years (30.4%) with mean age around 42 years and 101 subjects were males (57.7%). Low serum albumin was found in 67.2% of subjects. 12% of the subjects had CD 4 Count of less than 100 and among subjects with CD 4 Count of less than 100, 76% of the subjects had low serum albumin which was statistically significant with p value of 0.003. Conclusion: From the study can conclude that in HIV /AIDS patients serum albumin levels correlate with CD 4 counts and can be used as a marker of immune suppression.