A retropective review of hospital and available community records of 47 children undergoing orchidopexy in a district hospital was undertaken to determine adequacy of screening for cryptorchidism and factors associated with late referral. Twenty eight of these boys were previously examined on 108 occasions. Diagnosis was missed on 32 occasions and the record of 38 clinical examinations did not include position of testes. In the case of 16 boys (four under school age and 12 of school age) appropriate action was not taken once the diagnosis was made. Diagnosis was reliably made in school aged children but in children under the age of 1 year cryptorchidism was frequently missed by the examining doctor. It is suggested that criteria for diagnosis and referral should be agreed in any surveillance programme. Junior doctors in hospital responsible for routine clinical examination of children during admission and clinical medical officers or general practitioners during routine clinical examination of boys should be clearly instructed to examine and record the position of the testes.

Objective: The main objective of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of HIV infection among the clients attending ICTC, Gauhati Medical College & Hospital, Guwahati, for a period of seven years, i.e., from April 2008 to March 2015. Material & Method: A total of 40,983 clients attended ICTC, Gauhati Medical College & Hospital from the year 2008 to 2015. Serum samples were collected after taking informed consent and pre-test counseling. In India for all ICTCs, NACO (National AIDS Control Organization), a national guidelines has been followed for HIV testing, reporting and release of results with post test counseling. Results: Of the total 40,983 clients tested for HIV infection, 1919 (4.68%) were found to be HIV seropositive. Seropositivity was higher in male clients i.e. 1314 (68.47%) than female i.e. 604 (31.47%) followed by transgender (TG), i.e., 1 (0.0005%). Heterosexual route of transmission was the major route seen in 1666 clients (86.81%). Maximum HIV seropositivity was in the age group of 45 -49 years (43.62%). Conclusion: HIV prevalence of 4.68 % among the clients attending ICTC, Gauhati Medical College & Hospital, Guwahati, puts the spotlight on the HIV burden in this part of the country and suggests the need for the scaling up of focused prevention efforts in high-risk groups.

BACKGROUND: Antibiotic resistance is a challenge for effective management of infections as it increases the morbidity, mortality and costs of treating infectious diseases. AIMS: This study was aimed to obtain the profile of the bacterial isolates and their antibiotic resistance pattern. SETTINGS AND DESIGN: It is a cross sectional study carried out in a tertiary care psychiatry hospital in India. MATERIALS AND METHODS: Isolation and identification of the isolates were done by standard methods. Susceptibility patterns were checked by Kirby Bauer disc diffusion method. STATISTICAL ANALYSIS USED: Statistical analysis was done by using SPSS 16.0 version to calculate the frequencies as well as for cross tabulation. RESULTS: Significant bacterial growth observed in 43(25.6%) samples, of which 39(90.7%) showed resistant to at least one of the antibiotics used and 36(83.7%) were multi-drug resistant. Gram negative organism accounted for the 25(58.14%) of total significant isolates, Escherichia coli being the highest (76%) in this group. Among multi-drug resistant (MDR) isolates E.coli was the highest (44.4%) and imipenem resistance was also observed in 1(5.3%) of 19 E.coli isolates. Among the 43 isolates 18(41.86%) were Gram positive with Streptococcus spp. showing incidence of 41.7% among the total MDR isolates. CONCLUSION: Increasing incidence of MDR strains seen in the population requires continuous monitoring and a restricted use of antibiotics to keep a check on resistance pattern, for effective treatment plan.

No abstract

No abstract