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Background and Objectives: Dysfunctional hypothalamus-pituitary-thyroid (HPT) axis have been documented in patients with depression. Condition of both excess and insufcient thyroid hormones can cause mood abnormalities including depression. Thyroid dysfunction is a common feature in depression, with mixed type of response. Unipolar and bipolar depressions are also related differently in consideration to thyroid status. This study comprises of assessment of the thyroid disorder prevalence in depressive patients and comparative analysis among unipolar and bipolar groups. Gender wise males were dominant with majority in bipolar group in the younge Result: r age group. Most of the cases were normal with few hyperthyroid and hypothyroid cases. Bipolar group comprised the majority of overt hyperthyroid, whereas unipolars were more in the subclinical hypothyroid category. This study concludes that differences exist in Conclusions: the thyroid response among the unipolar and bipolar depression group, more numbers of hypothyroidism in unipolar group

Introduction and Aim: Thirty-two million Indians are suffering with diabetes mellitus worldwide and predicted that this number of diabetes to be increased to 80 million by 2030. Many reports revealed a positive relationship between diabetic patients suffering with 25 (OH) D deficiency. In developing nations like India 60% adults were found showing manifestations of vitamin D deficiency and dyslipidemia, a well-known risk factor for the development of diabetes mellitus. Therefore, we designed the study to evaluate alterations in vitamin D, calcium, and phosphorus along with complete lipid profile levels in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients in North-West Indians.Materials and Methods: One hundred fifty newly diagnosed type 2 diabetic patients and equal number of healthy control subjects of both genders were recruited in the study. 5ml of blood was collected by venipuncture after 12-14 hours fasting in plain and potassium oxalate: sodium fluoride vial. Serum and plasma were separated and used for the determination of 25(OH) D levels, calcium, phosphorus and complete lipid profile levels.Results: A significantly (p < 0.001) high level of glucose was observed in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetics subjects while a significant fall (p < 0.001) was recorded in vitamin D levels in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetics in comparison to healthy control subjects. The nominal changes were seen in calcium and phosphorus levels in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetics with respect to healthy control subjects. Statistically significant increase was found in total cholesterol (p < 0.05), triglyceride (p < 0.001) and VLDL-cholesterol (p < 0.001) levels while no significant changes was observed in LDL- cholesterol and HDL- cholesterol levels in newly diagnosed type 2 diabetics with respect to healthy subjects.Conclusion: Aforementioned observations suggested that a significant decrease in vitamin D levels was associated with increased glucose and lipid levels like total cholesterol, triglycerides and VLDL-cholesterol levels could be responsible for the initiation of various diseases like diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, osteoporosis etc. Hence, new interventions should be included as a part of treatment to reduce the risk of type-2 diabetics and CVDs like atherosclerosis

Background: β-Thalassemia major is considered to be one of the most common inherited hemolytic anemia. Enhanced years of survival of thalassemia have led to unmasking related complications related to alterations in certain trace elements like magnesium, calcium, phosphorus, copper, zinc etc. Objective: Present study was conducted to evaluate the effect of iron chelation therapy and blood transfusion on certain trace elements (Magnesium, Calcium, Phosphorus, Copper, Zinc) in β-thalassemic patients on chelation therapy more than one year. Materials and Methods: In the present cross sectional study, 100 β-thalassemic patients receiving chelation therapy for atleast 1year were recruited from Civil Hospital Ahmedabad, Gujarat during February, 2017 to December, 2018 and equal  number (n=100) of healthy subjects were taken as a control group in the age range of 8 to 15 years of both sexes (male & female). The levels of serum magnesium, calcium, phosphorus, zinc, and copper in serum were analyzed and results were correlated with normal healthy subjects. Results: A significant increase in serum copper (P≤ 0.01) and phosphorus (P≤ 0.001) were observed levels while a significant (P≤ 0.05) fall in magnesium, calcium and zinc levels recorded in β-thalassemic patients in comparison to healthy control subjects. Conclusion: Aforementioned observations suggested that fluctuations in the trace elements levels in β- thalassemic children receiving blood transfusion and iron chelation therapy could leads to different complications like hemolyzed red cells, infections & hemochromatosis renal damage, hypoparathyroidism etc. if remains untreated. Hence routine assessment of these elements is recommended for better management.