Fas (CD95-APO-1), a member of tumor necrosis factor receptor super-family, exists in two forms, transmembrane and soluble (sFas). It had been suggested that circulating sFas levels and/or tissue FasL may reflect the severity of invasive breast ductal carcinoma. Few studies showed that neither DNA-index nor ploidy is an independent prognostic indicator, and there is no correlation with clinical outcome. The S-phase fraction (SPF) has been shown to be useful prognostic factor in both node-negative and node-positive tumors. The present work was done to find a correlation between sFas, tissue FasL, ploidy and SPF with prognostic factors and survival of breast ductal carcinoma patients. The present study included two groups; a patients group comprised 30 patients with breast ductal carcinoma and a control group that comprised 15 patients with benign breast swellings. Serum sFas was measured using commercially available ELISA kit and tissue FasL expression was studied using avidin-biotine immunohistochemical staining technique. Cell cycle studies were performed using flow cytometry. Serum sFas was significantly higher in breast ductal carcinoma group than in the benign breast swelling control group. A significant negative correlation between serum sFas and overall survival was found. Tissue FasL expression was directly correlated with distant metastasis and poor overall survival. A significant direct correlation was found between moderate and high SPF with worse pathologic parameters. Serum sFas level, tissue FasL immuno-expression and S-phase fraction are independent prognostic factors in breast ductal carcinoma cases.

The objective of the present study was to measure the serum level of adiponectin in preeclamptic Egyptian pregnant women and find the possible correlations of maternal adiponectin level to measured insulin resistance in such case and to macroscopic features of placentae included in this study.The study population consisted of 30 preeclamptic patients and 30 matched healthy pregnant women during the third trimester.The results revealed that preeclamptic women were more insulin resistant with a significant decrease in adiponectin level compared with healthy controls. Correlation analysis presented a significant negative correlation between adiponectin levels and measured insulin resistance among preeclamptic women. Pregnant women with preeclampsia had lower placental weight and decreased number of cotyledons with marginal insertion of umbilical cord. The present study did not show any correlations between adiponectin levels versus macroscopic features of placentae among preeclamptic mothers.It can be concluded that preeclamptic mothers are more insulin resistant, which was reflected through increased HOMA-IR value; this relationship postulates that insulin resistance may be one of the casual pathways of preeclampsia. Hypoadiponectinemia may be one of the possible etiologies of preeclampsia. Preeclamptic placentae exhibited definite morphological changes which may be attributed to the vascular insufficiency of placenta.

The aim of the present work was to evaluate the effect of copper (I)-nicotinate co mplex (CNC) on experimentally 4-Dimethylaminoazobenzene (DAB)-induced hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) in male rats. In addit ion to the histopathological examination we measured hepatic glutathione content, malondialdehyde, nitric o xide levels, lamin B1 m-RNA, caspase-3 activity and serum interleukin-12 level after 2, 4, 6, 8 months from co mmencement of the experiment. Results: histopathological examination showed HCC development after 4 months of DAB administration. The hepatic glutathione content, lamin B1 m-RNA and nitric o xide levels were significantly elevated, while malondialdehyde, interlukin-12 levels and caspase-3 activity were significantly decreased with the progression and development of the HCC. On the other hand, admin istration of CNC one month before DAB delayed the development of neoplastic growth to the 8 th month. Interestingly, when CNC was admin istered one month after DAB, it successfully prevented HCC development throughout the whole experiment as confirmed by histopathological data and explained by biochemical markers, as glutathione, lamin B-1 and nitric o xide were significantly declined but malondialdehyde, interlukin-12 and caspase-3 activ ity were significantly elevated compared to that in corresponding control group. Conclusion: CNC was able to delay or prevent HCC develop ment in rats fed with the potent liver carcinogen DAB. Our data shows that CNC exerts its anti-tumour effects through modulating o xidative stress status as well as the machinery of apoptosis and angiogenesis. Therefore, CNC may be used as a potential protective anticancer agent.

Our study shows that assessing LVD with D2-40 in the endometrial carcinoma might be a valuable parameter for predicting patients having an increased risk of developing of metastatic disease. In addition, D2-40 increases the frequency of detection of lymphatic invasion relative to routine H and E stain.

The objective of the present study was to measure the serum level of visfatin in preeclamptic Egyptian pregnant women and the possible relation of visfatin level to each of the measured insulin resistance, body mass index and histopathological changes of the placenta included in this study.The study population consisted of 30 preeclamptic patients and 30 matched healthy pregnant women during the third trimester.The present study results revealed that preeclamptic mothers had a significant increase in insulin resistance value than normal pregnant women with no significant difference in this value between mild and severe preeclamptic sub-groups. Regarding visfatin level, there was a highly significant increase in visfatin level in preeclamptic women compared with healthy controls and also increase in severe than mild preeclamptic sub-groups. Correlation analysis presented a significant negative correlation between maternal visfatin levels versus HOMA-IR among preeclamptic group, but no relation had been found between visfatin levels and body mass index among preeclamptic mothers. Histopathological examination of placentae revealed that infarctions, atherosis, hyalinized areas and Tenny Parkers changes were significantly increased in preeclamptic group than control group. The present study did not find any correlations between visfatin levels versus histopathological changes in placentae among preeclamptic mothers.Hypervisfatinemia may be one of the possible etiologies of preeclampsia. Visfatin might be part of a feedback mechanism improving insulin sensitivity. Preeclamptic placentae exhibited definite histopathological changes which may be attributed to the vascular insufficiency of placenta.