The study investigated perceptions of students and employers about the development of human and social capital in terms of intellectual development skills, personal development skills, professional development skills, and social development skills for self efficacy of university graduates. How students and employers were viewing the development of human and social capital for self efficacy of university graduates; which areas of development skills were relatively stronger; and which sectors of industry or discipline of study were more satisfied or worried about were the questions answered in the study. Students of 4 public and 4 private universities and managers of 65 companies from 12 sectors of industry listed with Lahore Stock Exchange constituted the sample. Data were collected through an adopted, 30-item survey scale which was found reliable at 0.930 Cronbach's alpha. Mean scores and correlations were calculated for the four sub-scales. One-Sample t-test, Independent samples t-test, and one-way ANOA were employed for significance and variance analysis. The study concluded that students and employers were not fully satisfied with the development of human and social capital for self efficacy of university graduates. Intellectual development skills got the highest position whereas personal development skills were found at the lowest position. Professional and social development skills were found in the middle. This situation reflects performance of universities below standards and speaks of under utilization of their potential for contributing to the development of society. Serious initiative for the development of human and social capital for self efficacy of university graduates was the major recommendation

Due to forces of globalization organization are going to multinational. Severity of competition is forcing organizations to psychological empower their employees for maximum performance. In the presence of organizational learning culture and supportive leadership psychological empowerment of employee will lead to organizational commitment. This paper attempt to analyze the relationship among these variables in the context of existing literature. Present days managers face the challenges of motivating employees. Psychological empowerment is the one of the best tool to provide them felling of autonomy and self drive this conceptual development is presented here with the hope that future researchers will analysis these relationships more deeply for the performance optimization of the organization.

The purpose of the present investigation is to explore teachers’ academic excellence as a predictor of acceptable teaching through students’ evaluation of teachers. A five-point rating scale was developed containing three aspects i.e. teaching method punctuality, delivery of lecture, fair in exam and content expertise. The data was collected from 699 post-graduate students and about 33 university teachers. Data that related to a teacher’s qualification, published papers and conferences and workshops attended were collected from administrative records. These were compared with the data collected from the students. A regression analysis was performed to find the predictability of academic excellence to a teacher’s classroom activity. It was found that teachers’ qualifications, published papers and attendance at conferences and workshops are not related to teaching performance punctuality, teaching method, fair in exam and content expertise

This paper uses firm level data to examine the market power versus efficiency hypothesis by taking into consideration both the long run behavior of profitability and the possible endogeneity has among profitability market there, and advertising variables. In a sample of 5 dairy processing industries in Pakistan in the period of 2005to 2010 (July), two stage least squares results show both a direct effect of firm characteristics and an indirect effect of industry characteristics on profitability which do not provide support for the efficiency hypothesis alone but they do not show that profitability is affected by both firm and industry level.