The re-emergence of tuberculosis (TB) as a global health problem over the past few decades, accompanied by the rise of drug-resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis, emphasizes the need for the discovery of new therapeutic drugs against this disease. The emerging serious problem both in terms of TB control and clinical management prompted us to synthesize a novel series of N-[2-(substituted aryl)-3-chloro-4-oxoazetidin-1-yl]-2-(pyrazin-2-yloxy)acetamide, 6-(substituted aryl)-3-[(pyrazin-2-yloxy)methyl][1,2,4]triazolo[3,4-b][1,3,4]thiadiazole, and N-[6-({2-[(pyrazin-2-yloxy)acetyl] hydrazino}sulfonyl)-2-methyl-4-oxo-1,4-dihydroquinazolin-3(2H)yl]-substituted aryl sulfonamides. The compounds were synthesized using the appropriate synthetic route. All synthesized compounds were assayed in vitro for antimycobacterial activity against the H37 Rv strain of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. The minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) was determined for the test compounds as well as for the reference standards. The compound which exhibited good antimycobacterial activity contains the substituents fluorine and methoxy. These electron-withdrawing or -donating substituents amend the lipophilicity of the test compounds which, in turn, alter the permeability across the bacterial cell membrane. Compounds 28, 37, and 43 showed good antimycobacterial activity while compound 51 showed a promising antimycobacterial activity.

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In this study IR and UV spectroscopic procedures are describe for the quantitative determination of Zidovudine (AZT) from solid dosage form. For IR spectroscopic method (KBr disc technique) has been used and Ursodeoxycholic acid (UDCA) was used as an internal standard. The specific absorption bands at 2105 and 2931 cm À1 were chosen for AZT and UDCA respectively. In this method, beer's law was obeyed in the concentration range 0.8-2.0% w/w in KBr disc. The regression equation was found to be y ¼ 1.088x + 1.194 with correlation coefficient 0.9819, and the assay was found to be 99.8% with RSD of 2.157%. The UV spectroscopic method was also used in the quantitative determination of AZT in solid dosage form. 266 nm was chosen as l max . The regression equation was found to be y ¼ 0.0434x + 0.027, and the correlation coefficient 0.9989. The assay was found to be 99.81% with RSD of 0.273% by the UV spectroscopic method.

A simple, accurate and reproducible spectrophotometric methods have been developed for the simultaneous estimation of Telmisartan (TEL) and Amlodipine Besylate (AML) in combined tablet dosage forms. The method involves determination using the simultaneous equation method, the sampling wavelengths selected are ‘TLM’ = 297nm.and ‘AML’ =238nm., over the concentration ranges of 8-48μg/ml for ‘TEL’ and 1-6 μg/ml for ‘AML’ respectively. The method was validated for linearity, accuracy, precision, robustness and application for assay as per ICH guidelines. The proposed method is simple, economical, accurate and precise, and could be successfully employed in routine quality control for the simultaneous analysis of Telmisartan (TEL) and Amlodipine Besylate (AML).

Cold chain management (CCM), a lynchpin of National Immunization Program (NIP) is to deliver the vaccines or other immunological products/ vaccines to right people, at right place, and in right time ineffective manner under the controlled conditions to ensure its potency. To comply it, CCM is required with standardized equipment’s and standard procedures to transport the immunological products to ensure the availability of high-quality vaccines and immunization-related materials to all levels of the program. It is vital to ensure accurate implementation of pertinent strategies focusing on vaccine storage; transportation, immunization, safety, management & monitoring. If the CCM is managed properly, the program costs can be reduced markedly without sacrificing the potency of product. Apart from that, high and unwanted vaccine wastage rates are due to poorly managed planning resulting into significant variation in operation program cost, improper management of waste with the negative impact on public health. The review enlightens on how vaccines are stored, transported and monitored to sustain immunological products/vaccines integrity throughout the way of their transportation emphasizing on the various equipment’s and logistic needs to cover the entire cold chain management rigorously till the reach of target population child/mother at the primary healthcare centers(PHCs).