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Background: Congenital anomalies of the kidney and urinary tract (CAKUT) are a group of disorders responsible for the majority of pediatric end-stage renal disease cases. There are only a few studies on CAKUT. Objectives: A study was conducted to determine the clinical and biochemical profile of children with CAKUT and to estimate the prevalence and the factors associated with hypertension in CAKUT. Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted in a tertiary center for 18 months from March 2014 to August 2015. Demographic data were recorded, and clinical examination including blood pressure measurement was performed. Various biochemical parameters including plasma renin activity (PRA), urinary beta-2-microglobulin (B2M), and microalbuminuria were evaluated. Results: A total of 81 patients with CAKUT were studied. Twenty-two (27%) patients were underweight, 4 (5%) patients were stunted, and 26 (32%) were both underweight and stunted. Children with bilateral disease had a higher incidence of underweight (21/44 vs. 8/37; p = 0.04; 95% CI; Fisher exact test), and both underweight and stunted (25/44 vs. 10/37; p = 0.006; 95% CI; Fisher exact test) compared to children with unilateral disease. Hypertension was found in 27% cases. No association was found between hypertension and PRA, BM2, or microalbuminuria in our study. PRA was inversely proportional to the estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR) (Pearson test; 95% CI; p = 0.006). Conclusions: Bilateral disease in CAKUT was significantly associated with poor somatic growth. PRA was inversely proportional to eGFR. The prevalence of hypertension was higher in children with CAKUT than in normal children and is possibly multifactorial as it was not associated with elevated PRA, B2M, or microalbuminuria.

IntroductionCecal duplication is a rare congenital anomaly and to the best of our knowledge, only 43 cases have been reported in the literature till date. Most of them present within the first year of life. They can mimic intussusception, and the delay in diagnosis can lead to high morbidity.Case reportA five-year boy presented with pain abdomen for a week. He was found to have ileocolic intussusception. The intussusception could only be partially reduced by the hydrostatic method. On laparotomy, a submucosal solid mass was found in the cecum with multiple enlarged lymph nodes. Mass was resected with clear margins and lymph nodes sampled. Histopathology was conclusive of cecal duplication. Post-operative course was uneventful, and the child is thriving well, last reviewed at three-year follow-up.ConclusionIncomplete reduction of intussusception, intussusception with atypical presentation or intussusception in atypical age group should alert to the possibility of cecal duplication.

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