Background. Oxybenzone, a broad spectrum sunscreen agent widely used in the form of lotion and cream, has been reported to cause skin irritation, dermatitis, and systemic absorption. Aim. The objective of the present study was to formulate oxybenzone loaded microsponge gel for enhanced sun protection factor with reduced toxicity. Material and Method. Microsponge for topical delivery of oxybenzone was successfully prepared by quasiemulsion solvent diffusion method. The effects of ethyl cellulose and dichloromethane were optimized by the 32 factorial design. The optimized microsponges were dispersed into the hydrogel and further evaluated. Results. The microsponges were spherical with pore size in the range of 0.10–0.22 µm. The optimized formulation possesses the particle size and entrapment efficiency of 72 ± 0.77 µm and 96.9 ± 0.52%, respectively. The microsponge gel showed the controlled release and was nonirritant to the rat skin. In creep recovery test it had shown highest recovery indicating elasticity. The controlled release of oxybenzone from microsponge and barrier effect of gel result in prolonged retention of oxybenzone with reduced permeation activity. Conclusion. Evaluation study revealed remarkable and enhanced topical retention of oxybenzone for prolonged period of time. It also showed the enhanced sun protection factor compared to the marketed preparation with reduced irritation and toxicity.

Cochleates, a type of lipid based drug delivery system, are solid particulates made up of large continuous lipid bilayer sheets rolled up in a spiral structure with little or no internal aqueous phase. These nano-sized or sub-micron sized structures are generated on fusion of negatively charged liposomes with metal cations. They are efficient in encapsulating drug molecules that are hydrophobic and hydrophilic; positively charged as well as negatively charged. The interior of a cochleate structure remains substantially intact irrespective of outer harsh environmental conditions or enzymes. Cochleate technology is applicable for administration through parenteral, topical as well as oral routes and can be formulated in liquid or powder form. Cochleates have been reported to improve the oral bioavailability; improve the safety of the drugs by decreasing side effects and increasing drug efficacy; all of which lead to enhanced patient compliance. This review article highlights the important aspects of cochleates such as their structure, properties, methods of preparation, stability, advantages, applications and current status. The information provided herein should help formulators in judiciously selecting cochleate technology for delivery of drugs.

The progress in the development of DPI technology has boosted the use of sensitive drug molecules for lung diseases. However, delivery of these molecules from conventional DPI to the active site still poses a challenge with respect to deposition efficiency in the lung. At same time, serious systemic side effects of drugs have become a cause for concern. The developed budesonide loaded biopolymer based controlled release DPI had shown maximum in vitro lung deposition with least toxicity. The subject of present study, lactose-free budesonide loaded biopolymer based DPI, further corroborates the great potential of antiasthmatic drugs. This technology is expected to revolutionize the approaches towards enhanced therapeutic delivery of prospective drugs.

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