Objectives: The mast cell remains an enigmatic cell, found resident in tissues throughout the body particularly in association with structures such as blood vessels and nerves. Various inflammatory disorders of the intestines, joints and lungs appear to be associated with an increase in mast cell numbers. The study was conducted on vermiform appendix. The present study was undertaken (1) to compare the mast cell and eosinophil counts in various layers of the appendix in various histopathological groups, and (2) to establish the relationship between the numbers of eosinophils and mast cells in the inflamed appendix. Materials and Methods: The material for study consisted of appendix specimens received for histopathological examination in the Department of pathology. A 5 year study was conducted, 3 years retrospective and 2 years prospective. Results: Out of 777 cases studied the incidence of appendicitis is high, in the first and second decades of life and slightly higher in females. Recurrent appendicitis was more common when compared to other inflamed appendices. Conclusions: Eosinophil counts in all the layers were very high in acute eosinophilic appendicitis compared to normal appendices. A higher mast cell count was seen in acute eosinophilic appendicitis and recurrent appendicitis. No correlation was found between mast cell and eosinophilic density. Our observations support the allergic theory of appendicitis rather than the obstructive theory.

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Introduction:The uterus is vital reproductive organ prone to develop several non-neoplastic and neoplastic lesions in woman contributing significantly to increased morbidity and mortality. Although many treatment options are available, hysterectomy isstill widely used treatment modality worldwide. Objectives: The study was proposed to analyse the patterns of lesions in hysterectomy specimens and to analyse the clinico-pathological correlation in hysterectomy specimen. Methods: A 6-month retrospective study was performed in Department of Pathology, Karwar institute of Medical science, Karwar. Baseline data were collected from inpatient files and histopathology reports were collected from Department of Pathology, to identify the most common pathologies in hysterectomy specimens. Results: 78 hysterectomy cases were analysed and the peak age group were from 35-45 years (42.30%), and the most common clinical presentation was fibroids (42.30%). Most common histopathological lesion was leiomyoma 37 cases (47.4%), followed by 16 cases (12.82%) presented as adenomyosis, and 14 cases (10.26%) had dual pathology of both leiomyoma and adenomyosis. The commonest incidental histopathological finding seen in hysterectomy specimens was chronic cervicitis. Conclusions: Hysterectomy is the most commonly performed elective major gynaecological surgery. Though the histopathological analysis correlates well with the clinical diagnoses, quite a few lesions like chronic cervicitis and adenomyosis were encountered as pure incidental findings. Hence, it is mandatory that every hysterectomy specimen, even if it grossly appears to be normal, should be subjected to detailed histopathological examination for confirming diagnosis and better postoperative management.

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Aim(s) To elucidate the clinical presentation of thyroid swelling and to assess the Clinico – cytological correlation of thyroid swellings Objective(s) 1. To assess the efcacy of FNAC in thyroid diseases. 2. To study the clinical presentations of thyroid lesions with its cytological correlation Material and method :The present study was a prospective study carried out in the Department of Pathology, karwar institute of medical sciences, karwar, karnataka (India), on both indoor and outdoor patient requiring FNAC of the thyroid lesions between May 2022 to October 2022 with 60 sample size. Results 1) Swelling in front of neck was the most common symptoms followed by pain 2) Swelling40(66.6%), cases were goiter under evaluation/ multinodular goiter 3) Colloid goiter was diagnosed in 35cases (58.3%). Conclusion FNAC is a safe and simple technique of preoperative diagnosis with a sensitivity rate was 96.6% with a specicity rate of 98.3%. Our results also showed a PPV of 98.3% anda NPV of 96.6%.