Objective– the study of age-related changes in the thickness of the cortex and its layers in the posterior lobe of the cerebellum of children.Material and methods.The work is performed on postmortem material (62 cerebellum), obtained from children aged from birth to 12 years who died as a result of injuries without brain damage. Using computer morphometry on the painted method Nissle frontal histological sections of cortex, taken in region right and left posterior quadrangular lobules (H VI) on top of the folia of cerebellum, was measured the cortical thickness and the thickness of molecular and granular layers. Analysis of quantitative data was performed at annual intervals.Results. The posterior lobe of the cerebellum the increase in the thickness of the cortex in the left hemisphere occurs in two stages: from birth to 1 year and then to 2 years, in the right hemisphere in three stages: from birth to 1 year, and 2 and 7 years. Right-sided asymmetry of the thickness of the cerebellar cortex observed in infants and children 7 years of age, thickness of granular layer in infants and children 9 years. Left-hand asymmetry is specific to cortical thickness and its molecular layer in children 12 months.Conclusion. The thickness of the cerebellar cortex and its layers in the area of the lobule H VI increases during early childhood, and in the right hemisphere also during the first childhood. Reducing the diameter of the cortex and layer in the posterior lobe of the cerebellum of children from birth to 12 years of age are not detected.

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Perception and recognition of faces is supported by a network of nerve centers in the human brain that have different maturation periods in postnatal ontogenesis. In this article, we analyze the relationship between changes in the thickness of the cortex in facial recognition centers in children from birth to 12 years old. Methods. Histological material was obtained from the left cerebral hemispheres and bilaterally from the cerebellum of 62 boys who died from injuries without brain damage. The material was grouped at annual intervals. Measurements of the cortical thickness were carried out in field 37a in the fusiform face area on the medial surface of the occipital lobe, in field 10 on the lateral surface of the frontal pole, as well as in the lateral right and left parts of the posterior quadrangular lobule (H VI) of cerebellum. Morphometry was performed on virtual images of sagittal paraffin sections, stained with Nissl cresyl violet. The mean, standard error and confidence interval were calculated for the indicators of different age groups. Results. The most significant increase in cortical thickness in fields 37a and 10 occurs during the first year of life, at 2-3 and 6 years. Increases in cortical thickness in the lobule H VI of the on the right cerebellum are observed at 1, 2, and 7 years, on the left during the first two years of life. Evaluation of the relationship between age-related changes in cortical thickness using Spearman's rank correlation analysis showed that the strongest, direct and significant two-way relationship is between the indicators in the pairs field 37a & field 10 and field 10 & H VI on the right, a moderate significant relationship in the pair field 37a & H VI on the left. Conclusions. It is assumed that age-related changes in the cortical thickness in the centers of face recognition and their relationship reflect the stages of the formation of the facial processing in children. K E y w o r d s -cerebral cortex, cerebellar cortex, cortical thickness, facial recognition centers, children, postnatal ontogenesis.

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Нейрональные механизмы когнитивных процессовBrain mechanisms of cognitive processes Устные доклады Айдаркин Е.К. РОЛЬ МЕЖМОДАЛЬНОГО ВЗАИМОДЕЙСТВИЯ В ПОСЛЕДОВАТЕЛЬНЫХ ЭФФЕКТАХ Aidarkin Eugeny K. CROSSMODAL INTERACTION IN SUCCESSIVE EFFECTS