There are many natural remedies derived from herbs have been used as alternatives to treat kidney stones disease effectively including Euphorbia hirta L. and Orthosiphon stamineus. Therefore, the present study aims to investigate the effect of four different extraction solvents of E. hirta and O. stamineus including hexane, methanol, ethyl acetate and water to inhibit the crystallization of calcium oxalate (CaOx) in-vitro. The inhibition of crystallization was studied by using rate of CaOx aggregation assay and was determined by UV-Vis spectrophotometer. Cystone was used as positive control. The result showed the best inhibition in aggregation of CaOx was exhibited by hexane extract of E. hirta (95.78%) which had no significant difference with Cystone, and the lowest inhibition was shown by hexane extract of O. stamineus (20% ±). It could be related to the presence of higher amount of alkaloid in hexane extract of E. hirta as compared to other extracts. In conclusion, both of plant extracts showed antiurolithiatic properties by inhibiting the crystallization of calcium oxalate. However, the rate of inhibition for both plants varies depending on the type of solvent used.

The Phyllanthus niruri is traditionally used for curing of kidney disorders and urinary stones in Malaysia. Hence the current work was aimed to evaluate the effect of different solvents extract (n- hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol and water) of P. niruri for in vitro anti-urolithiatic properties in terms of inhibition activity on CaOx by using the rate of CaOx aggregation assay and dissolution of calcium oxalate (CaOx) crystal by using titrimetry method. Cystone was used as positive control. The effects of cystone on slope of nucleation and aggregation as well as growth of CaOx were evaluated spectrophotometrically. The highest yield percentage of P.niruri was occupied by methanol (5.74 %). The maximum inhibition against aggregation of CaOx crystals was also occupied by methanol (66.67 % ± 1.61) and was comprised with alkaloid, steroid, terpenoid and tannin. Dissolution effect on calcium oxalate crystals indicates that the aqueous extracts of P. niruri was found to be more effective in dissolution of CaOx with 63.33 %   ± 1.44. P. niruri significantly (P < 0.05) inhibited the slope of nucleation and aggregation of CaOx crystallization, and reduced the crystal density. The results of the present study confirmed that P. niruri leaves can be used as remedial mediator for urolithiasis. However, further studies are required for isolation and identification of active constituents and their in-vivo confirmation.

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