Objective The current study aims to assess the association between different characteristics of neonatal jaundice and common types of allergic diseases in childhood (as bronchial asthma, acute urticaria, and allergic rhinitis). Study Design A case-control study is conducted on 300 allergic children and 300 healthy children as a control group at Fayoum University Hospital. The study was conducted over a span of 2 years, from May 2016 to May 2018. Bronchial asthma, allergic rhinitis, and acute urticaria diagnoses were based on physician clinical examination using specific guidelines for each. For the data regarding children's demographic and maternal characteristics, a structured questionnaire was used. Regarding neonatal jaundice, data were collected from the patients' hospital records. Results Children with neonatal jaundice are more likely to develop allergy with 57% higher than neonates without jaundice. Early onset jaundice and treatment by phototherapy have statistically significant association with the development of allergic diseases. Conclusion Different aspects of neonatal jaundice are associated with the development of common allergic diseases in children.

Background: Malnutrition is involved in half of the deaths of under-five children as in many developing countries. In Egypt, malnutrition remains an important issue as 5.5% of under-five children are underweight, 8.4% are wasted and 21.4% are stunted. The present study was carried out to assess the prevalence and risk factors of malnutrition among sick under five children seeking medical advice at Tamiya District health care facilities in Fayoum.Methods: This cross-sectional descriptive study included 400 under five children at Tamiya district in Fayoum. It was carried out over a period of 5 months from June to October 2014. All patients were subjected to the following: History taking, anthropometric measurements including weight and length/height.Results: Our study shows that 23.2%, 18.5% and 19.3% of children were underweight, stunted and wasted, respectively. Stunting was more common in females than males. Also, our results reveal that risk factors of malnutrition were 70.6% parasitic infestation and 15.7% for gastroenteritis with statistically significant high prevalence of positive parasitic, helminthic infestation, and gastroenteritis with p-value <0.05 among wasted, stunted, and underweighted children.Conclusions: Prevalence of malnutrition was high among under five sick children. These findings indicate the need for implementing hospital and community-based intervention nutritional program.

Objectives:To assess the prevalence of hypocalcemia in outpatient clinic neonates and its relation to vitamin D and calcium supplementation.Methods:This cross-sectional analytical study was conducted at the University Teaching Hospital from May to October 2016. Data were collected from 100 neonates by interviewing mothers using a structured questionnaire; which included socio-demographic information, maternal and neonatal history; in addition to investigations of serum calcium total and ionized and serum vitamin D level.Results:The prevalence of hypocalcemia was 76%, late hypocalcemia represent 52% of hypocalcemic neonates. The prevalence of hypovitaminosis D was 38%. Hypocalcemia was found more prevalent among neonates with no history of vitamin D supplementation (98.7%), no history of maternal calcium supplementation (57.9%), while they had a history of neonatal jaundice on phototherapy (46.1%) which increased to 53.8% with late hypocalcemia.Conclusion:Neonatal hypocalcemia is widely prevalent in Fayoum governorate with significant association with a history of neonatal jaundice on phototherapy, not receiving maternal calcium or neonatal vitamin D supplementation.

Physical inactivity is one of the most important public health problems in the 21st century. It plays an active role in the prevention of both non-communicable diseases and premature death. A communitybased survey was conducted to assess the level of physical activity among household population and to identify associated demographic factors of physical inactivity. A sample of 5000 households was selected by a multi-stage stratified cluster random sample. A standardized world health organization (WHO) structured questionnaire global physical activity questionnaire (GPAQ) was used in data collection. About 25.2% of the study population practiced a physical activity less than WHO recommended level for their ages. The study has shown statistically-significant insufficient physical activity level among females (31.3%), adolescent (42.6%), the old (57.1%), housewives (38.8%), and the low-income (32.5%), with a P-value of <0.001. The study concluded that Fayoum community practice physical activity less than recommended level by the WHO especially among females, adolescents, elderly, and the low-income households' population. Further studies should be recommended.

Hospital environment could be a risk for transmission of nosocomial infections. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the effect of training program on the elimination of microbial contamination of hospital environmental surfaces, devices and health care workers (HCWs) hands. Methodology: Two phases interventional study was conducted for basal evaluation and training of HCWs and housekeepers on standard precautions with evaluation of environmental surfaces, devices and hands contamination at basal level before as well as after routine cleaning and hand hygiene, also after implantation of a training program. Results: Significant reduction of environmental surfaces and devices contamination was detected after educational intervention at all departments (p-value >0.001). The most common isolate was S. aureus in operating rooms, orthopedic, and general surgery departments (44.4%, 26.9%, and 22.2% respectively), E.coli was the most common isolate in urology department (21.8%). Bed ledges/ bed arms samples showed the highest contamination level (39%) while curtain edges showed the least contamination site (4.2%). Nurses had the lowest frequency of hand contamination (30%) followed by physicians, the highest hand contamination recorded for housekeepers (50%). E.coli isolated from 47.4% of hands. The most isolated Multidrug Resistant Bacteria was MRSA (54.3%) followed by ESBLs producing E.coli (38.7%). After education there were significant improvements in practice observed for all subjects (p-value< 0.05) and environmental contamination decreased to zero level. Conclusion: Intervention with a training program has a positive impact on elimination of hospital environment contamination