This study was intended to analyze the effect of the ethnosciencebased Problem Based Learning (PBL) model on scientific thinking skills in reproductive system material. This research is a quasiexperimental design in the form of a pretest-posttest non-equivalent control group design. This research was conducted at class XI MIPA students for the 2022/2023 academic year in Sumedang. The research instruments used were pretest-posttest sheets and questionnaires. The data collection technique used in this study included a test of 15 essay questions and a questionnaire. The data analysis technique used is the normality test, independent sample t-test, and N-Gain test. The results showed that the students' scientific skills increased significantly after applying the ethnoscience-based learning model on the material of reproductive system. The independent sample t-test obtained p-value = 0.000 <0.05, which was significantly different between the posttest and pretest scores. N-Gain also obtained an average of 0.75 which indicates an increase in students' scientific skills in high category. The results of students' responses to learning with the ethnoscience-based PBL model on students' scientific thinking skills were included in very good category with an overall percentage of 82.5%. This study concluded that students' scientific thinking experienced an increase after learning through the ethnoscience-based PBL model on the reproductive system material.

Breastfeeding in the Islamic religion is a very importing. In the Qur'an mentioned, the period of breastfeeding in the teachings of Islam is two years. Word of Allah, Mothers shall suckle their children for two full years, that is for those who want perfect breastfeeding, (Surah al-Baqarah: 233). It is confirms that be a mother there is obligations for give intake best be breastfeeding for fruit his heart in range time particular. However thereby still many mothers who have difficulty. Breastfeeding her baby. Not only breast milk, breastfeeding food also need attention in the fulfillment of nutrition for growing children. Toddlers with less nutritional problems can cause disease, high risk of death compared to healthy children. One of the causes of low nutrient low in infants is the lack of knowledge of balanced nutrition held by mothers. Therefore, efforts to improve nutrition of one toddler with nutrition health education for mother under five. Activities have been carried out training exclusive breastfeeding and solids which meet the criteria of balanced nutrition at one of the community learning centers in Bandung. It can be seen from the activities that assisted Society more conscious will Importance breastfeeding difference formula with breast milk so if community assisted more priority to give milk to their babies. The community considers that the implementation of counseling is going well and according to their expectations, interesting and not saturated to be heard. Presenters was able to master and can explain in great detail extension materials and can answer all the questions raised by the participants.

This study aims to analyze and determine students' critical thinking skills on the material of the reproductive system. The method of this research is descriptive quantitative. The sample of this research is 98 students. The data is an analyzed test question. Instruments use critical thinking skills, according to Ennis. Data analysis technique using descriptive analysis. The data analysis results showed that students' critical thinking skills were the highest category (72.12%). The dominant is based on the data analysis, a high category in making strategies and tactics (82.36%) and providing further explanations (79.34%). Providing an elementary clarification of 66.42% and inference 71.05% is enough. The lowest was found in basic support skills (60.03%). Overall, students' CTS was high. But that is needed to be improved. Therefore, the teachers must provide test questions with more varied learning models.

Group investigation adalah salah satu tipe pembelajaran kooperatif yang menekankan pada partisipasi, aktivitas, dan melibatkan siswa dalam merencanakan, menentukan topik maupun cara menginvestigasi. Pembelajaran tipe group investigation juga dapat melatih siswa untuk menumbuhkan kemampuan berfikir mandiri. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk: Meningkatkan hasil belajar biologi siswa dengan menerapkan model pembelajaran kooperatif tipe group investigation. Jenis penelitian ini adalah penelitian tindakan kelas yang dilakukan sebanyak dua siklus. Instrumen penelitian berupa tes hasil belajar. Data dianalisis secara kuantitatif dengan persentase. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa hasil belajar biologi siswa meningkat dari siklus I ke siklus II sebesar 58,62% siswa yang tuntas belajar. Kata kunci: pembelajaran kooperatif, group investigation, hasil belajar.

The research about the biodegradation capability analysis of petroleum hydrocarbon by marine bacteria isolate from territorial water column of Paotere port Makassar as in vitro was conducted. The aim of this research was to know the biodegradation capability of petroleum hydrocarbon quantitatively by marine bacteria isolate from water column in Paotere port, Makassar. This research consist of two phases of working, those are characteristic of hydrocarbon degraded bacteria and quantitative process of hydrocarbon biodegradable from degraded bacteria. The result shows there are three different isolates ; isolate A in bacilli shape (Gram negative), isolate B in coccus shape (Gram negative), and isolate C in coccus shape (Gram positive) and the capability to degrading hydrocarbon from the highest respectively are isolate B (83,91%), isolate A (80,53%), and isolate C (72,86%).