and Key Results: 0 iceland is like a black hole in the study of FDi from the Nordic countries; there is a gap in the literature about FDI from Iceland. This paper is the first empirical study that addresses the outward foreign direct investment of Icelandic firms. The purpose is to demonstrate how icelandic companies have invested abroad through foreign direct investments. 0 the overall objective of this paper is to describe the key characteristics of icelandic multinational corporations (MNcs) and to gain a deeper understanding of the internationalization processes of firms with a small domestic base. 0 Many icelandic companies have been investing heavily abroad over the last six years. some have acquired companies that are relatively larger than themselves, at least in terms of the number of employees. the main motive for this increase in foreign direct investments is access to a new market. the icelandic market is simply not large enough for companies to be categorized as medium or large companies in the global environment. What also supports this is that, as mentioned above, the outflow of FDI from Iceland was very low in the last century.
Mikið hefur verið ritað um stöðu kvenna í atvinnulífinu og um jafnrétti kynjanna í mismunandi atvinnugreinum. Afar fáar rannsóknir eru þó til á stöðu kvenna í stjórnum fyrirtækja í sjávarútvegi, sem er ein af undirstöðuatvinnugreinum þjóðarinnar. Þessi grein byggir á niðurstöðum rannsóknar á upplifun kvenna sem sitja í stjórnum íslenskra sjávarútvegsfyrirtækja en þær eru ekki margar og nokkrar sitja í fleiri en einni stjórn. Meginniðurstöður sýna að þær sem þó sitja í stjórnum sjávarútvegsfyrirtækja eru almennt ánægðar með stöðu sína innan greinarinnar, þrátt fyrir að sjávarútvegur sé talinn vera afar karllægur heimur. Viðtöl voru tekin við níu konur sem sitja í stjórnum sjávarútvegsfyrirtækja og leitast við að varpa ljósi á hlutskipti þeirra og hvernig upplifun þeirra er af atvinnugreininni og hvað mætti betur fara. Notast var við eigindlega aðferðafræði og voru viðtölin afrituð og greind niður í þemu og kóða. Niðurstöðurnar styðja vissar hugmyndir sem höfundar höfðu í upphafi og sýna þær að sjávarútvegurinn á sér sterka sögu og hefðir sem ef til vill er erfitt að breyta, en alls ekki ómögulegt. Konur eru að ryðja sér til rúms innan greinarinnar en kynjabundnar staðalímyndir eru afar sterkar í sjávarútvegi og störf karla innan atvinnugreinarinnar hafa almennt notið mun meiri virðingar en störf kvenna. Þó skynja viðmælendur ekki neinar neikvæðar raddir frá hinu kyninu þó að það hafi tekið einhvern tíma að koma sér inn í atvinnugreinina og þær finna ekki annað en að á þær sé hlustað og að rödd þeirra hafi hljómgrunn til jafns á við karlana.
Gender inequality remains a global phenomenon and according to the World Economic Forum Global Gender Gap Report 2020 it will take more than 100 years to reach full gender equality in the world. Iceland has made the greatest progress toward closing the Gender Gap, 87.7%. Yet no woman is CEO of a listed company on the Icelandic stock exchange in 2020. Women CEOs are more likely to lead small enterprises, and women count for 13% of CEOs in larger companies. Women’s board membership and leadership positions in Icelandic companies are currently receiving a lot of attention and companies are encouraged to improve the gender ratio on boards and in the C-suite. The chapter reports on the results of a survey of Icelandic women business leaders regarding their beliefs on why no woman is CEO of a listed company in Iceland and what actions they deem feasible to increase the number of women in senior positions. Responses from 189 women revealed that they feel that action must be taken, even legislative, such as enforcing gender quotas for executive positions, business cultures, and attitudes must change, women need more opportunities.
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