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A sample cell which facilitates adsorption in conjunction with small angle x-ray scattering under a rotational field is presented. The device allows dynamic phenomena that take place within a pore system to be investigated in situ by x-rays. As an example, a sample of Vycor porous glass was measured at relative pressures p/po = 0 and p/po = 0.5. For the static measurements, the results were as expected. Under rotation, an increase in the scattered intensity of the loaded sample, over the corresponding static one, is observed. Fractal analysis has shown an increase in the fractal dimension even higher than that of the dry sample. It was suggested that the increase in the scattered intensity was due to the rotation, while the abnormality in the fractal dimension was due to asymmetric ripples of the adsorbed layers. The limits of the technique are given too.

The individual effect of nano- and micro-carbon-based fillers on the mechanical and the electrical properties of cement paste were experimentally examined in this study. The objective of the study was to separately examine the effects of size and morphology (platelets and fibers) of nano- and micro-reinforcement. Three different sizes of Graphene Nanoplatelets (GNPs), at contents of 0.05% and 0.20% and recycled milled carbon fibers (rCFs), at various dosages from 0.1–2.5% by weight of cement, were incorporated into the cementitious matrix. GNPs and rCFs were dispersed in water with air nanobubbles (NBs), an innovative method that, compared to common practice, does not require the use of chemicals or high ultrasonic energy. Compressive and bending tests were performed on GNPs- and rCFs-composites. The four-wire-method was used to evaluate the effect of the conductive fillers on the electrical resistivity of cement paste. The compressive and flexural strength of all the cementitious composites demonstrated a considerable increase compared to the reference specimens. Improvement of 269.5% and of 169% was observed at the compressive and flexural strength, respectively, at the GNPs–cement composites incorporating the largest lateral size GNPs at a concentration of 0.2% by weight of cement. Moreover, the rCFs–cement composites increased their compressive and flexural strength by 186% and 210%, respectively, compared to the reference specimens. The electrical resistivity of GNPs- and rCFs-composite specimens reduced up to 59% and 48%, respectively, compared to the reference specimens, which proves that the incorporation of GNPs and rCFs can create a conductive network within the cementitious matrix.