Background: New gratification assessments, after skincare routines or makeup products, could benefit from innovative methods that could predict the culturally based perceptions of age. Aims: To determine the facial signs that most influence the perception of age in women of five different ethnic ancestries, assessed by the same ethnical naïve panel. Patients/Methods: The faces of 1351 women, differently aged (18-80 years), from five countries (China, France, India, Japan, and South Africa) were photographed under the same standardized conditions in the five countries. Fourteen to 24 facial signs (grouped under five clusters, ie, Wrinkles/Texture, Ptosis/Sagging, Pigmentation disorders, Vascular disorders, and Cheeks skin pores) were focused, and their respective severities were graded using referential Skin Aging Atlases by the same panel of 15 experts and dermatologists. Five naïve panels, all comprising 100 local women, allowed to collect the perceived age, assessed from blind-coded full-face photographs. Results: Although perceived ages and real ages were found highly correlated, their differences vary according to ethnicities, particularly among a large part of Indian and South African women, judged older by about 5 and 7 years, respectively. Results show that the clusters of Wrinkles/Texture and Ptosis/Sagging are predominant factors taken into account in almost all ethnicities, albeit at various extents, reaching almost 100% in French women. Pigmentation disorders appear important secondary factors in Japanese, South African, and Indian women. Vascular disorders, of a difficult grading in darker skin tones, were found of some impact in Japanese and Chinese women. Cheek skin pores were of minor or nil weight in the attribution of age, at the exception of South African women. Regarding facial areas which drive aging perception, it seems the upper-half face has prevalence for Chinese and Japanese women whereas the lower-half face has major importance for South African women. Conclusion: Facial traits are differently perceived as signs of aging according to unseparable ethnic ancestries and cultural factors.

Objective: To evaluate the capacity of the automatic detection system to accurately grade, from smartphones' selfie pictures, the severity of ten facial signs in Japanese women and their changes due to age and sun exposures.Methods: A three-step approach was conducted, based on self-taken selfie images.At first, to check on 310 Japanese women (18-69 years) enrolled in the northerner Hokkaido area (latitude 43.2°N), how, on ten facial signs, the A.I-based automatic grading system may correlate with dermatological assessments, taken as reference.Second, to assess and compare age changes in 310 Japanese and 112 Korean women.Third, as these Japanese panelists were recruited according to their usual behavior toward sun exposure, that is, non-sun-phobic (NSP, N = 114) and sun-phobic (SP, N = 196), and through their regular and early use of a photo-protective product, to characterize the facial photo-damages.Results: (a) On the ten facial signs, detected automatically, nine were found significantly (P < .0001) highly correlated with the evaluations made by three Japanese dermatologists (Wrinkles: r = .75; Sagging: r = .80; Pigmentation: r = .75). (b) The automatic scores showed significant changes with age, by decade, of Wrinkles/ Texture, Pigmentation, and Ptosis/Sagging (P < .05). (c) After 45 years, a significantly increased severity of Wrinkles/Texture and Pigmentation was observed in NSP vs. SP women (P < .05). A trend of an increased Ptosis/Sagging (P = .09) was observed. Conclusion:This work illustrates, for the first time through investigations conducted at home, some impacts of aging and sun exposures on facial signs of Japanese women.Results significantly confirm the importance of sun avoidance coupled with photoprotective measures. In epidemiological studies, the AI-based system offers a fast, | 545 FLAMENT ET AL. How to cite this article: Flament F, Velleman D, Yamashita E, et al. Japanese experiment of a complete and objective automatic grading system of facial signs from selfie pictures: Validation with dermatologists and characterization of changes due to age and sun exposures. Skin Res Technol.

Facial aging is an ineluctable progressive process along decades. It comprises variable changes on the skin macro relief, that is, folds or wrinkles at different and specific facial sites (forehead, temples, upper lips…), ptosis, pigmentary spots etc the severity of which presents different onsets and that differently aggravates with time. Facial aging not only results from chronological aging, but also integrates the impacts of many other additional factors such as sun exposure (photoaging), lifestyles or aerial pollution. 1-5 As such, facial aging is an individual signature of a highly variable pattern between subjects, making some to be perceived older or younger that their real

BACKGROUND: The impacts of physical fatigue upon some facial signs, induced by a whole day work, have been previously described on Caucasian women. This study aimed at assessing those possibly experienced by Chinese working women under comparable conditions. MATERIAL AND METHODS: Standard photographs of 60 Chinese women working in the same company (aged 20-40 years) were taken at three occasions during their working day (just before, at 4 and 8 h). Focusing on facial signs allowed a panel of experts to grade their respective severities, helped by a referential atlas dedicated to Asian skin. A na€ ıve panel, comprising 64 Chinese women (aged 20-60 years) graded, through an analogic 0-45 ans). De plus, teint terne, aspect fatigu e etâge apparent ont et e trouv es etroitement li es. CONCLUSION: En d epit de quelques possibles diff erentes conditions de travail, certains signes faciaux des femmes Chinoises semblent plus affect es par une fatigue induite par une journ ee de travail en milieu urbain que des femmes Caucasiennes dans des conditions comparables.Correspondence: Frederic Flament, L'Or eal Research and Innovation,

Objective To determine the respective weights of certain facial signs on the assessment of perceived age, tired‐look and healthy glow on Chinese men of different ages. Material and methods Photographs were taken of the faces of 420 Chinese men of different ages, under standardized conditions. These photographs allowed to focus and define 15 facial signs, which were then graded by 15 experts and dermatologists, using standardized scales provided by a reference Skin Aging Atlas. The facial signs were dispatched into 5 clusters, namely wrinkles/texture, ptosis/sagging, pigmentation disorders, vascular disorders and cheek skin pores. A naïve panel, composed of 80 Chinese women, of similar age range were asked, when viewing full‐face photographs, to: (i) attribute on a 0–10 scale their perception of both the tired‐look and healthy glow aspects and (ii) estimate the age of the subject. Results With the exception of vascular disorders, the severity of all 4 clusters increased with age, although at different rates. The ptosis/sagging or pigmentation disorders showed a rather regular progression. Although perceived ages and real ages were found to be closely correlated, the vast majority of subjects were judged older by 2–10 years. The changes in facial signs (and their related clusters) were significantly correlated with perceived age, with the exceptions of skin spot density and cheek skin pores. Although the aspects of tired‐look and healthy glow were logically found to be anti‐correlated, tired‐look was more statistically associated with perceived age for the five clusters. Signs of eye contour appear to be closely correlated with the perception of a tired‐look. Conclusion Within facial clinical clusters, wrinkles/texture and ptosis/sagging are major factors in the assessment of perceived age in Chinese men. Tired‐look appears to be strongly associated with perceived age.