Introduction: Laparoscopic surgery is the standard method for cholecystectomy, and pneumoperitoneum is performed either in a closed or open technique. However, exposure to the consequences of the port site may increase the patient's morbidity. Therefore, this study was conducted to compare both approaches in terms of complications at the port site of each procedure and potential risk factors.Methods: A prospective study was conducted in the department of surgery, in hospitals affiliated with Kirkuk and Diyala governorates in Iraq, from January 2019 to March 2022. The participating patients (200) were electively divided into two groups, each group comprising 100 patients. The pneumoperitoneum was established in the first group by an open technique (Hasson) while in the second group it was by using a closed technique (Veress needle). A comparison was made between the two techniques for intraoperative and postoperative complications that may have occurred due to port insertion up to 18 weeks.Results: According to the results, the highest percentage was for the following: females (84.0%), ages between 50 and 59 years (43.5%), and body mass index (BMI) range 25-30 kg/m 2 (49.0%). No significant difference was observed between those variables for the two surgical techniques (p-value > 0.05). No death was recorded in the study. Consequences at the port site were observed in 10.5% of patients, the majority reported in the open approach (8.5%) as follows: bleeding (3.0%), hematoma (2.0%), wound infection (1.5%), hernia (1.5%), and vascular injury (0.5%).Conclusions: Thus, we concluded that port site complications are lowest in closed laparoscopic surgery which was not shown to be statistically significant but values showed less complications. Furthermore, samples could be used to gain a good statistical significance.

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started at the end of 2019 and then spread out around the world as a pandemic at the beginning of 2020. At that time, researchers began to work on detecting and diagnosing this virus, where many methods have been applied for this reason. This study focuses on how to diagnose coronavirus through patients' cough. Accordingly, real samples were taken from people infected by the coronavirus and others, who are suffering from some respiratory diseases. The cough of a person with coronavirus is characterized by its dryness and differs from other cough sounds through a set of factors that are considered for study and analysis through this study. Among these factors is the sound energy, which is found to be the most effective factor and hence implemented as a key indicator for COVID-19 detection. The discrete wavelet transform is the adopted method to realize the detection process via approximation and the analysis of coefficients details. The obtained results show acceptable detection accuracy for the considered samples. Minor mismatching in the detection process is noticed during the procedure, which is mainly due to some patients being infected with the respiratory diseases that exhibit similar symptoms.

Currently, there has been a tendency to prefer breast-conserving surgery (BCS) over mastectomy (MC). Therefore, this study came to assess whether this is true when compared with mastectomy. This retrospective study included early breast cancer patients who were registered in government and private hospitals in Kirkuk and Diyala governorates during the period from February 2015 to March 2017, and were followed up after surgery for five years. The enrolled patients (women) were set into (2) groups; the first one was for patients treated with BCS, while the second was for patients who underwent MC. As a preliminary result, it was found that out of the total of (172) participants, (72) were in the BCS, and (100) in the MC. Convergence of age groups was observed between patients in both surgical groups. The results proved that the local recurrence rate amounted to about (9%) in patients undergoing BCS and the survival rate was for the same group (97%). Thus, we concluded that the breast preservation approach is an appropriate and successful choice for early breast carcinoma patients. Keywords: carcinoma, conserving surgery, local recurrence.