The current study examines the historical and social elements of 14th century England, through Geoffrey Chaucer’s poem, Prologue to theCanterbury Tales. the study also unfolds the analogy of the current situation of developing countries with Chaucer's era. The research is carried out, using the lens of New Historicism as a framework. New Historicism is a postmodern critical theory presented by Stephen Greenblatt (1943). The purposive sampling technique is used to proceed with the study because the research is descriptive in nature. Geoffrey Chaucer is considered as a father of the art of characterization. He placed his characters in the prologue from almost every walk of life, the characters reflect the historical and cultural background of 14th-century England. The history of Medieval England is traced down by analyzing the writings of Chaucer. Chaucer picked coomon characters from various fields to give an accurate picture of 14th-century England.

This study aims to delineate the idea that the working class is exploited due to economic disparity and social inequality. The sufferings of the lower class aggravate and it pretends to behave like the owner class through physical appearances. According to Marxism, the subjugation of the lower class is caused by the lack of opportunities and dispossession to own the means of production. The study deals with the application of Marxism in the short story The Moustache by Tariq Rahman. Rahman in this story highlights the sufferings of the lower class in the feudal system of Pakistan. The characters of Dadu and Shafaqat belong to the working class and live downtrodden life. They struggle for their survival and suffer both physically and financially in the existing feudal system. The study also seeks to recommend ways to wipe out class discrimination in society in light of Marxism.

This paper explores the deconstructive analysis of trauma and alienation keeping in view Julia Kristeva’s Theory of Intertextuality and Jacques Derrida's Theory of Deconstruction to analyze the selected plays of Edward Albee. This paper tries to establish a relationship among various aspects of old and new American Dreams, thematic explorations of different American Playwrights and the existential approaches of Albee and other contemporary American playwrights. This paper has tried to offer an analysis of the selected plays of Edward Albee (1928-2016) to depict the social, personal, and familial emptiness, psychological fragmentation and stagnation while exploring the multiplicity of the texts. This paper will help future researchers to appreciate the texts of different authors while applying deconstructive intertextuality. This paper will also help them to understand the multiple approaches of the texts to develop different theoretical interpretations.

Researchers and critics, most of the time, have drawn the poets of revolutionary and political ideologies and ideals to the description of aesthetics qualification. Percy Bysshe Shelley's aesthetics of Romanticism tackles a new dimension in appraising and understanding the Romantic spur of poetry. The aspect is aesthetics as a moral and political system of Romantic poetry. In this study, Shelley has been studied from the lens of moral and political dimensions as to how through moral and political engagements, he resisted the prevailed system. The method used for such investigation was textual analysis. Shelley's works hold reformist, moral, political, and radical bases, thus motivating his people from within. In a similar pattern, the poet tries to shape his work in a way that intensely substantiates his idealism for the transformation of sustained rigid structure prevailed that time throughout England, especially, and Europe in general.

Every society's basic concerns revolve around marriage, which call for both mental and physical coordination to ensure a long-lasting chain of relationships. Responsible actions and a good outlook enable people to participate in society and make marriage effective in many ways. Couples' deliberate behavior and pervasive social phenomena are to blame for the disruption in marital matters. An American Marriage (2018) by Tayari Jones is the subject of the current study, which explores marital problems. Reader-Response Theory (RRT) by Rosenblatt (1978) and Fish (2000) is used for the textual analysis of the novel to determine the marital concerns highlighted in the narrative. RRT bases its interpretation of the texts on the reader's experiences, goals, attitude, and preexisting theologies. RRT expands the text's essential elements by manipulating new meanings that are not contained in the text. The study's main goals are to identify the social vices, behaviors, and ambitions of the characters that fall victim to problems and have an impact on the marriage features depicted in the book. The methodology used to manipulate the objectives is qualitative and descriptive in nature. The study's findings indicate that while male members of marriages frequently leave responsible and constructive behavior in favour of sexual lust and freedom of action, this leads to the breakdown of marriages. The findings also demonstrate that women have stronger intentions than men to preserve the marital union since women's gender demands "protection and loyalty," which are typically not met by male members, leading to the breakdown of the union. Keywords: Freedom, Marriage, Pleasure, Responsibilities.