Background: The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has increased dramatically in the past 30 years. The World Health Organization has prepared an action plan to stop the increase in diabetes and obesity by 2025. Objectives: This study was conducted to assess the effect of pilates on body composition and some biochemical parameters in women with T2DM on a high-complex-carbohydrate diabetic diet or a low-carbohydrate/high-monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) diet. Methods: This experimental study was conducted on 120 woman patients with T2DM, referring to the Fatih Medical Park Hospital’s Internal Medicine Department, Istanbul, Turkey, between December 2018 and June 2019. Participants were divided into 4 groups and were followed up for 12 weeks. The mean participants’ age was 41.67 ± 3.83 years. The first group received a low-carbohydrate and high MUFA (LC, MUFA) diet, the second group received a low-carbohydrate and a high-MUFA diet and did pilates (LC, MUFA + PL), the third group received a higher complex carbohydrate (HCC) diet, and the fourth group took the HCC diet and did pilates (HCC + PL). Results: According to the applied intervention method, there were significant differences between the preliminary and final measurements of body mass index, body fat percentage, muscle mass, and fasting blood glucose, insulin, HbA1c, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and triglyceride (TG) values (P < 0.05). In this study, only an increase in body muscle composition of the women in the LC, MUFA + PL group was found significant (P < 0.05). The highest decrease in body fat ratio was determined again in the LC, MUFA + PL group (P < 0.05). HDL levels of the women who did pilates increased significantly than other groups (P < 0.05). Conclusions: In the treatment of diabetes, the patient should be evaluated with a multidisciplinary team. Diet and exercise are important non-pharmacological interventions in the treatment of diabetes.

E-sports can be defined as an electronic sports form and is growing at a rapid pace worldwide. E-sport requires high-speed reactions during all games. The purpose of this study was to evaluate auditory, visual and aim reaction times in different duration of game playing in e-sport players. Fifty-three participants were assigned into two groups according to their playing time which was either more or less than 14 hours per week. The participants were tested for auditory reaction time with online website at playback.fm, visual and aim reaction time on website of humanbenchmark.com. There were statistically significant differences in visual (p&lt;.001) and aim (p&lt;.001) reaction time between the groups, whereas in auditory reaction time no significant difference was found (p=.397). The visual and aim reaction times were higher in the gamers who play more than 14 hours in e-sport. Our study showed that visual and aim reaction time was more affected from game playing time than auditory reaction time in e-sport gamers. Playing e-sport may have positive effects on visual and aim reaction time in young population.

Aim: The aim of this non-controlled trial was to investigate the effects of a homebased pelvic floor muscle training (PFMT) and bladder training (BT) in urinary incontinence (UI) among women. Patients and methods: The study included 25 individuals who were diagnosed with UI. PFMT which strengthens pelvic floor muscles was described to patients in litotomy position with using digital palpation method. PFMT was given as homebased exercise program for six weeks, 7 days a week and ten times a day. BT was planned according to the symptoms of the patients. Assessments were done at the beginning and at the end of the six weeks exercise program. The outcome measures were UI severity measured by pad test and QoL measured by King’s Health Questionnaire. The secondary outcome measure was lower urinary tract symptoms and sexual health measured by Bristol Female Lower Urinary Tract Symptoms Index. Results: Pre- and post-treatment assessments done with pad test showed that there was a statistically significant decrease in the severity of UI (p = 0.002). The difference between preand post-treatment QoL scores (p = 0.001) and lower tract symptom scores were also statistically significant (p = 0.000). Conclusions: When PFMT and BT were given together there was a decrease in the symptoms and increases the QoL.

Pelvik taban terimi, kemikli pelvik çıkışı (pelvik outlet) kapatan bileşik yapı ile ilgilidir. Pelvik kaslar terimi pelvik tabanın kas tabakasını ifade eder. Pelvik taban farklı katmanlardan oluşur. Pelvik taban orta katmanları ağırlıklı olarak kas dokusundan oluşur. Bunların dışında, bu tabakada endo pelvik fasya gibi fibromüsküler ve fibröz elementler bulunur. Pelvis içindeki pozisyonu bir trambolin gibi düşünülen bu yapı, pelvik açıklıklara (üretra, vajina ve anüs) yapısal destek verir. Ayrıca işeme, dışkılama, seksüel fonksiyon ve pelvik organların desteklenmesinden de sorumludur. Pelvik taban kaslarının ön, orta veya arka kompartmanlarının herhangi birinde meydana gelen bir patoloji; alt üriner sistem semptomları, bağırsak semptomları, prolapsus, seksüel fonksiyon ve ağrı ile ilişkili olan pelvik taban disfonksiyonuna neden olmaktadır. Tüm cinsiyetleri ve her yaş grubundan bireyi etkilemektedir. Pelvik taban disfonksiyonu tedavi seçenekleri arasında cerrahi, medikal ve fizyoterapi ve rehabilitasyon yaklaşımları yer almaktadır. Fizyoterapi ve rehabilitasyonun amacı semptomları azaltmak, progresyonu önlemek, cerrahiyi önlemek ya da geciktirmek ve yaşam kalitesini arttırmaktır. Bu amaçlara ulaşmak için pelvik taban disfonksiyonu tedavisinde uygulanan fizyoterapi ve rehabilitasyon yaklaşımları pelvik taban kas eğitimini içermektedir. Pelvik taban kas eğitimi; manuel terapi teknikleri, davranış ve yaşam şekli değişiklikleri, fonksiyonel egzersiz eğitimi ile kombine bir eğitim programıdır. Pelvik taban kas egzersizleri; vajinal kon, biofeedback, üç boyutlu realtime ultrasound ve sanal gerçeklik eğitimi ile birlikte uygulanabilir. Bu derleme EMG- Biofeedback’ in pelvik taban kas eğitiminde uygulanabilirliğini ve avantajlarını vurgulamaktadır.

Background/Aims Chronic pelvic pain is defined as pain located to the pelvis or lower abdominal region, lasting for at least 6 months, and not associated with menstruation, coitus or pregnancy. The aim of this study was to investigate the feasibility and effectiveness of transverse friction massage on pain and quality of life in women with chronic pelvic pain. Methods A total of 20 women participated in this study. Eight sessions of transverse friction massage were performed twice a week for 4 weeks, with each session lasting 30 minutes. Pelvic floor muscles (in terms of tenderness, trigger point, spasm and scar presence) were evaluated by digital palpation by an expert physiotherapist. The outcome measures used were the visual analogue scale, the 36-item Short Form-36 Survey and the Beck Depression Inventory. Participants were evaluated before treatment, at the end of the treatment, and 4 weeks after the end of the treatment. Results Participants' mean age was 49.7 ± 0.31 years. There was a decrease in pain intensity and an increase in quality of life scores (P<0.001), but no statistically significant improvement in depression status at the end of the treatment (P>0.001). Four weeks after the end of the treatment, significant decreases in pain severity, quality of life and depression were observed (P<0.001). Conclusions Transverse friction massage is a feasible treatment option that can safely be used by physiotherapists to treat patients with chronic pelvic pain. It is inexpensive and can help to reduce pain and increase patients' quality of life. Randomised controlled trials are recommended to further confirm the findings from this study.