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Background: The prevalence of type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) has increased dramatically in the past 30 years. The World Health Organization has prepared an action plan to stop the increase in diabetes and obesity by 2025. Objectives: This study was conducted to assess the effect of pilates on body composition and some biochemical parameters in women with T2DM on a high-complex-carbohydrate diabetic diet or a low-carbohydrate/high-monounsaturated fatty acids (MUFA) diet. Methods: This experimental study was conducted on 120 woman patients with T2DM, referring to the Fatih Medical Park Hospital’s Internal Medicine Department, Istanbul, Turkey, between December 2018 and June 2019. Participants were divided into 4 groups and were followed up for 12 weeks. The mean participants’ age was 41.67 ± 3.83 years. The first group received a low-carbohydrate and high MUFA (LC, MUFA) diet, the second group received a low-carbohydrate and a high-MUFA diet and did pilates (LC, MUFA + PL), the third group received a higher complex carbohydrate (HCC) diet, and the fourth group took the HCC diet and did pilates (HCC + PL). Results: According to the applied intervention method, there were significant differences between the preliminary and final measurements of body mass index, body fat percentage, muscle mass, and fasting blood glucose, insulin, HbA1c, total cholesterol, high-density lipoprotein (HDL), low-density lipoprotein (LDL), and triglyceride (TG) values (P < 0.05). In this study, only an increase in body muscle composition of the women in the LC, MUFA + PL group was found significant (P < 0.05). The highest decrease in body fat ratio was determined again in the LC, MUFA + PL group (P < 0.05). HDL levels of the women who did pilates increased significantly than other groups (P < 0.05). Conclusions: In the treatment of diabetes, the patient should be evaluated with a multidisciplinary team. Diet and exercise are important non-pharmacological interventions in the treatment of diabetes.

Aflatoxins are one of the pollutants that can be isolated from the dried food products, especially spices. Since red pepper is one of the most consumed spices all over the world, this research aimed to estimate the prevalence and concen-tration of aflatoxin B1 (AFB1) in different red pepper spices with the help of a systematic review and meta-analysis. Therefore, the articles published between January 2000 and December 6, 2020, were systematically collected from four well-known databases. In this context, 10 articles containing 455 samples in total among 981 articles were included in the meta-analysis according to the determined inclusion and exclusion criteria. According to the analysis results, the AFB1 prevalence of all studies was determined as 50.8%. The lowest and highest AFB1 concentrations were observed in seasoning paprika Korea (0.14 mg/kg) and Turkey (31.13 mg/kg), respectively. The result of this metaanalysis can be used in the evaluation and organization of solution actions to be devel-oped to reduce AFB1 exposure and prevent financial losses through the con-sumption of red pepper spice products.

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Amaç: Bu çalışmanın amacı anne ve bebeklerin beslenmesi, alerji öyküsü ve bebekte var olan inek sütü protein alerjisi semptomlarını saptamaktır. Aynı zamanda, inek sütü protein alerjisi tanısı alan bebeklerde semptomların sıklığı ve aylık ağırlık kazanımları değerlendirilmektedir. Yöntem: Çalışma, İstanbul ilinde özel bir hastanenin çocuk sağlığı ve hastalıkları anabilim dalına 2018 yılı Ocak-Mart ayları arasında başvuran 0-6 aylık bebeği olan gönüllü 50 anne ile yapılmıştır. Katılımcılara, araştırmacılar tarafından oluşturulan anket (28 soru) uygulanmıştır. Bulgular: Çalışmamızda 0-6 aylık süt çocuğunda inek sütü proteini alerjisi sıklığı %8 olarak belirlenmiştir. İnek sütü protein alerjisi bulunan bebeklerin tamamında kusma ve döküntü/egzema/atopik dermatit, %75’inde solunum güçlüğü öyküsü ve yarısında kanlı/mukuslu dışkı tespit edilmiştir. İnek sütü protein alerjisi tanısı alan bebeklerin yarısında pozitif aile alerji öyküsü gözlemlenmiştir. Süt ve süt ürünlerini tükettikten sonra şikayet yaşayan annelerin bebeklerinde solunum güçlüğü öyküsü ve gastroözofageal reflü hastalığı anlamlı derecede yüksek bulunmuştur. Çalışmaya katılan annelerin %84’ünün inek sütü protein alerjisi hakkında yetersiz bilgiye sahip olduğu saptanmıştır. Sonuçlar: Süt çocukluğunda optimal büyüme ve gelişmeyi sağlamak, gereksiz eliminasyon diyeti ve beraberinde getirdiği besin yetersizliklerini önlemek için inek sütü protein alerjisi tanısı doğru ve özenle konulmalıdır.