This research was distributed by attractions of authors to Teungku Muhammad Daud Beureueh the leader with big influence when the revolution happened in Aceh. The main issues studied in this research is “How was Teungku Muhammad Daud Beureueh’s role in defending the independence of Indonesian Republic in Aceh 1945-1950?”. This study uses historical method which includes four steps: 1) Heuristics, 2) Criticism, 3) Interpretation, 4) Historiography. Based on the result, the political and socio-economic conditions in Aceh after the independence of Indonesian Republic was unstable. The role of Teungku Muhammad Daud Beureueh in Peristiwa Cumbok gave the awareness to local government to give more attention in this horizontal conflict and he instructing to mobilize the troops to attack the uleebalang clan in Pidie. He also stopped the Tentara Perjuangan Rakyat (TPR) movement who headed by Husin Al Mujahid. As the Military Governor of Aceh, Langkat, and Tanah Karo, Teungku Muhammad Daud Beureueh can merged the paramilitary organizations into TNI organization, he also the inisiator who collected the cost to buy an airplane for Indonesian government, and he can stopped the Sayid Ali movement. Teungku Muhammad Daud Beureueh rejected the merging of Aceh into the Sumatera Utara Province and this case made his disappointed to the center government and also Soekarno.

Most research concluded that the development of Islamic tourism was associated with business and economic factors, namely the matter of seeking benefits from the development of Muslim tourism behavior. Research on Islamic tourism only made the connection between religion and tourism behavior but it did not examine the increasing awareness of Muslims in their obedience to sharia. This article aimed to compare the results of research on the development of Islamic tourism in various countries, both those with a majority of Muslim population and those which are not. This study applied a qualitative approach and chose a literature study to examine the data. In addition, research studies on the development of Islamic tourism provided other variations of the causes of the tourist variants development, namely political factors. The development of Islamic tourism in North Africa, Middle East and Asia, in general, is an impact of Islam after the WTC tragedy and in Thailand, Islamic tourism is part of conflict resolution in Southern Thailand.

Tulisan ini dilatarbelakangi oleh ketertarikan penulis pada kajian sejarah Orde Baru, terutama mengenai Kementerian Pengawasan Pembangunan dan Lingkungan Hidup. Kemudian ditemukan sebuah informasi bahwa Emil Salim adalah tokoh yang berperan dalam pembentukan kementerian ini dan setelahnya menjabat sebagai Menteri Pengawasan Pembangunan dan Lingkungan Hidup yang pertama tahun 1978-1993, namun penulis membatasi kajian Peran Emil Salim dalam kementerian ini hanya pada periode pertama yakni pada tahun 1978-1983. Untuk itu akan sangat menarik jika peran Emil Salim dalam pembentukan Kementerian Pengawasan Pembangunan dan Lingkungan Hidup serta kebijakannya sebagai menteri dari kementerian ini ditelusuri lebih mendalam pada suatu penelitian. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menguraikan proses terbentuknya Kementerian Pengawasan Pembangunan dan Lingkungan Hidup, sekaligus menganalisis kebijakan yang dicetuskan oleh Emil Salim dalam melindungi juga mengelola lingkungan hidup dan pembangunan. Metode penelitian yang digunakan oleh penulis adalah metode penelitian historis yang dilakukan melalui empat tahapan yaitu heuristik, kritik, intepretasi dan historiografi. Berdasarkan hasil penelitian, ditemukan informasi bahwa Emil Salim sebenarnya ialah seorang ekonom yang kemudian dipercaya untuk mengelola bidang lingkungan hidup. Selama menjabat sebagai menteri Pengawasan Pembangunan dan Lingkungan Hidup, Emil Salim mencetuskan beberapa kebijakan dalam melindungi juga mengelola lingkungan hidup dan pembangunan. Kebijakan tersebut yaitu Pusat Studi Lingkungan (PSL) tahun 1979, Piagam Kalpataru tahun 1981 dan Produk Hukum Undang-Undang Nomor 4 Tahun 1982.

Historical novels help to fill the gap in exploring social facts or mental facts that are not recorded in document sources. As the formulation of the problem in this study is "What is the socio-cultural narrative of the Indonesian national movement from the perspective of historical novels (1900-1942)?". The approach used in this study is a qualitative approach. In this study, researchers will describe the picture as it is for the reality of the period of the National Movement in Indonesia (1900-1942) from the Historical Novel's Perspective. Researchers chose the historical method as a research method and the study of literature as a research technique. The results showed the social and cultural settings depicted in historical novels such as: modernization, westernization, romanticism, Western arrogance, the press and ideas, sense of inferiority of colonized nations, social stratification, discrimination, education, ethical political atmosphere, the emergence of Japan as an economic power , and the emergence of anti-Chinese sentiments.

This study focuses on how students respond to brain-based learning (the BBL) in History teaching to enhance cognitive, social, reflective, emotional, and physical aspects. The study used a survey-based approach and collected data  through questionnaires, interviews, and two-month observations of three participating schools.  Findings indicate that the teaching-learning process using  the BBL approach helps educators understand students’ different characteristics and build a conducive classroom atmosphere that facilitates cooperation, historical reflection, as well as historical fact memorizing skills. However, it appears that this approach has not  addressed students’ emotional intelligence, historical empathy, and stress management. Findings show that the students were still anxious when facing a History test involving a vast amount of data that required them to memorize facts even though they had been provided with  training on different memorizing techniques.  In addition, the students were not guided to express their feelings about a  particular historical phenomenon.            Keywords: brain, history, learning, memorizing, textbook.