Article information Background: Recently, the bipolar current has been used as an alternative technique to conventional monopolar current which was used traditionally in trans-urethral resection of bladder tumor [TURBT]. The aim of the work: To evaluate the safety and efficacy of monopolar versus bipolar TURBT in the management of primary non-muscle-invasive bladder cancer [NMIBC]. Patients and Methods: This prospective study was conducted on 80 patients [70 males and 10 females] aged 36 years or older, presented with primary bladder mass from March 2016 to March 2020 at the Urology Department of Al-Zahraa University Hospital. Patients were classified randomly into two groups: group [A] included 40 patients who had M-polar TURBT, and group [B] included 40 patients who had Bpolar TURBT.The main studied outcomes were the frequency of intraoperative and postoperative complications, as well as the rate of recurrence after 12 months of follow-up. Results: There was no statistical difference between the two groups regarding demographic data of patients and characters of the tumor. Intra-operatively, there was a significant difference between both groups regarding obturator reflex, which was higher in M-polar TURBT group than B-polar TURBT group [25% vs. 5%; P= 0.013] respectively. Operative time was shorter in the B-polar TURBT group than M-polar TURBT, but with no statistically significant difference. There was a mild drop in hemoglobin & hematocrit value in M-polar TURBT than the B-polar TURBT, but with no statistically significant difference. There was no significant difference in the recurrence rate of both groups after one year of follow-up. Conclusion: Our study revealed that B-polar TURBT is more safe and effective in the management of primary bladder tumors.

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Background: Overactive Bladder (OAB) is defined by the International Continence Society (ICS) as urgency, with or without urge incontinence (UUI), usually with frequency and nocturia, if there is no proven infection or other etiology. Aim of Study:To evaluate the correlation between overactive bladder symptoms (OAB) and urodynamic Detrusor Overactivity (DO) in non neurogenic bladder in both genders.Patients and Methods: We reviewed the records of 202 patients who attended Al-Zahra'a Univesity Hospital between October 2013 and October 2018 with overactive bladder symptoms urgency, with or without urge urinary incontinence usually with frequency and nocturia, with presence or absence of DO in two groups. All patients were subjected to: Full history taking, voiding diary, clinical examination, laboratory investigations, radiological investigations, urodynamic studies (UDS) and cystoscopic biopsies for histopathological examination. Also we evaluate OAB symptoms, urodynamic parameters with histopathological findings. All patients underwent uroflowmetry: The maximum flow rate, average flow rate and voided volume were recorded. Post Voiding Residual urine (PVR) volume was recorded. Cystometry: The intravesical, intra-abdominal, detrusor pressure, first desire to void, strong desire to void, Maximum Cystometric Capacity (MCC), total volume infused, bladder compliance and detrusor overactivity were evaluated. Cystoscopy and random bladder biopsies from all patients and stained with Hematoxylin and Eosin for histopathological examination of smooth muscle, the urothelium, lamina propria, and adventitia. We used another special stain Massons trichrome to visualize collagen and degenerative changes of smooth muscle bundles.Results: Detrusor overactivity DO was diagnosed in (63.36%) 128 OAB patients after urodynamic studies. Of men 42.9% and 36.1% of women with urgency had DO (OAB dry) while 57.1 % of male 63.9% of female patients with urgency and Urge Urinary Incontinence (UUI) were (OAB wet) had DO. Of women 23.8% with no DO were also OAB wet having urodynamic Stress Urinary Incontinence (SUI). Combination of symptoms was more precise in predicting DO in OAB patients. Patchy areas of myohypertrophic and degenerative