Training experience is an important part in the initial training of future teachers of Physical education (PE). The practice part of training is ensured at the same time by a university professor (UP) and a cooperative teacher from the school environment (CT). This latter ensures the teacherstudent's training, supervision and evaluation. He is usually selected according to his experience, his skills and his professional qualities. However, the recruitment of these mentors is considered as a serious challenge, since in Tunisia each teacher has the choice of being a mentor. Thus, it is important to have a better insight of the prevailing cooperative roles to which the Tunisian cooperative teachers grant the highest significance. This study has been achieved in the framework of a preparatory training to professional life for the teaching of physical education. It consists in an exploratory research. In order to discern the cooperative teachers' perceptions toward their contribution in the training of teacher-students, we have performed semi-directed interviews with 5 cooperative teachers. On that account, the interview analysis results highlight five major roles to which the cooperative teachers attribute a huge importance; 1) checking the planning quality of the courses supplied by the teacher-student; 2) observing the proceeding of the unfolding of the period; 3) urging the teacher-student to assume his responsibility; 4) assisting him to find solutions and finally; 5) exchanging ideas with the teacher-student.

The aims of this study is to make an obvious fact about the impact of academic qualification of sport teachers on degree of abilities to steer learning situations. 20 teachers working in 6 scholar establishments and having a professional experience between 7 and 10 years were participated in this study. They are divided according to the level of their academic qualification. The experimental task is to make video and sound recordings of teachers sessions provided by all chosen pedagogical frameworks. The evaluation will focus on different indicators of professional skill of driving situations teachings. In total, 40 sessions randomly selected were filmed. The results obtained allowed us to infer that the piloting skill teaching situations is moderately mastered by all teachers observed regardless of their level of academic qualification. However, it should be mentioned that there is a little difference in favor of teachers maîtrisards. It should also be noted that difficulties were identified in two categories of teachers observed (master and master's degree). Difficulties in indicators related to the explanation of the task to be performed and the level of precision of resources to which students have access to perform learning. Nevertheless, it should be noted that teachers controlled more or less the organization of groups and compliance planning. Finally, this study showd that masters teachers are more skilled at the precision of resources, group organization and encouragement of students. However, the explanation of the task to be performed and the respect of planning are indifferent to the variable level of qualification.

The goal of our research is to test the effect related to the time of use of the technical and pedagogical feedback during the teaching act, or just after the delivery of the student, on the quality of young learner's motor learning during an athletic activity cycle. To do so, we conducted a study population. It consisted of two physical education teachers, not athletics, with professional experience of 5 years working in two preparatory schools with similar working conditions (the same sports infrastructure and the same class size in the order of 25). These two pedagogical frameworks were observed during the teaching of athletic activity, namely the long jump for students in the 7th base year. Indeed, the population of the observed learners belongs to the middle class; the average age is ±13 years old. They do not have the driving experience in terms of practice of the long jump. The measured height of students is between 1.25 m and 1.42 m and their body mass are between 44 kg and 56 kg. The analysis of the results allowed us to see the importance of the feedback instrument introduced in the motor learning or after their achievements. This resulted in improved techniques of executions of the different elements of the jump and the quantitative performance of students in both classes. In fact, motor learning considers the feedback as a critical element of the pedagogical relationship, and therefore it should be one of the major concerns of teachers when they focus on the motor skills to be learned. KeywordsEffect, the Time of Retroaction, Quality, Motor Learning M. Mrayeh et al. 983

Cette recherche rentre dans le cadre de la logique interne de la didactique de la lutte. Elle permet de préciser le savoir de cette discipline, de cerner précisément ses caractéristiques, ses exigences et les spécificités de sa pratique pour les élèves lutteurs. D'une autre façon, cette étude décrit le contenu de savoir à partir de l'identification et l'analyse qualitative et quantitative d'un combat de lutte. Nous avons fait recours à des mesures directes et nous présentons aux enseignants ainsi qu' aux entraîneurs une méthode d'analyse des séquences temporelles qui pourrait être une nouvelle approche pouvant contribuer à mieux donner des explications à des phénomènes d'apprentissage à travers des paramètres physiologiques et techniques au cours d'un combat de lutte. Vingt lutteurs élèves, de sexe masculin, répartis en 4 groupes, ont participé à l'étude. les résultats contenant les Ratios (effort/repos) debout : A= 1/1,63: B= 1/2,14: C= 1/1,90:D= 1/1,10. Les ratios sol : A= 1/1,1: B= 1/2,62: C= 1/0,59:D= 1/1,20. Tous ces résultats peuvent être considérés comme une référence pour évaluer les capacités du lutteur et spécifier les épreuves de lutte. Aussi elles permettront l'élaboration d'un contenu adapté et structuré pour le présenter aux enseignants et aux entraîneurs afin de le transmettre tout en facilitant l'apprentissage aux lutteurs.Mots clés: sport de combat, savoir de lutte, analyse des séquences temporelles. Identification et l'analyse qualitatif et quantitatif d'un combat de lutte olympique

This study measures the impact of additional training in communication (Body Language and Public Speaking) on the sense of self-efficacy trainee teachers of physical education during the preparation internship working life. An experimental group that received additional theoretical and practical training in the classroom communication was compared to a control group that followed the initial training course. Two measures of this sentiment were taken at different times using the questionnaire "Perceptions of self-efficacy of teachers (PAE)" cited by Crahay & Laduron (2009). This device allows to apprehend two dimensions: the perception of overall effectiveness and perceived self-efficacy. The analysis provides students who have received training in Body Language and Public Speaking to express a sense of greater efficiency than those who have received usual initial training.