In this study, we have investigated the chemotherapeutic potential of titanium dioxide (TiO 2 ) nanoparticles on skin and breast cancer cells. The cells have treated with a 75 µg/ml concentration of titanium dioxide and then exposed to UV-A radiation. The combined effects of titanium dioxide and UV-A radiation on cell viability, cell cycle, plasma membrane, mitochondrial membrane potentials and apoptotic activity of the cells were investigated. As a result of the research, an increase was observed in the viability of cells treated with 75 µg/ml titanium dioxide concentration, while a signi cant decrease in cell viability was observed for both cell types when UV-A radiation and TiO 2 were applied together. The results also showed that the percentage of apoptotic cells increased as a result of UV + TiO 2 exposure.Accordingly, it can be said that TiO 2 nanoparticles may research as potential chemotherapeutic agents for skin and breast cancers, especially in the presence of UV radiation.

Transformers present the most common source of exposure to excessive extremely low frequency (ELF) magnetic fields (MFs). A transformer is an electrical device that transfers electrical energy between two or more circuits through electromagnetic induction. Nowadays, the effects of extremely low frequency electromagnetic (EM) fields on health were discussed frequently, but there is few measurement studies performed around various transformers for workers. In this study, the leakage fields around transformers and enclosures site were measured in Ankara and evaluated in terms of standards. It was observed that people were exposed to ELF-MFs above International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC) cancer limits. Workers reported health complaints such as being tired in most working hours, immunological complaints, dizziness, some cancer cases are also observed there. In these systems areas safe distances or areas for people should be realized and precautions should therefore be taken to minimize the fields exposed.

ObjectiveTo investigate the effect of exposure to extremely low‐frequency magnetic fields (ELF‐MFs) on nasal mucociliary clearance (MCC) by rhinosintigrapic and histopathological evaluation.Materials and MethodsThe rats were separated into three groups according to ELF‐MFs intensity and control group. The exposure groups were standardized for the ELF‐MFs of 1, 1.5, and 2 mT emitted by 3 Helmholtz coils for 4 h/day for 30 days. Rhinoscintigraphy was performed to measure nasal MCC. The nasal tissues were examined for edema, inflammation, hyperemia, necrosis, ciliary loss, goblet cell density, and fibroblast proliferation. The data were evaluated statistically (p < 0.05).ResultsNasal mucociliary clearance rates (NMCR) were calculated as 33.13 ± 5.91% in control, 27.78 ± 4.7% in 1 mT, 22.67 ± 5.43% in 1.5 mT, and 18.11 ± 6.33% in 2 mT. NMCR were decreased with increasing ELF‐MFs, in 1.5 and 2 mT groups (p < 0.05) compared to control. Nasal mucociliary transport rate (NMTR) values were found to be 2.17 ± 0.33 mm/min in control, 1.82 ± 0.32 mm/min in 1 mT, 1.46 ± 0.34 mm/min in 1.5 mT and 1.24 ± 0.29 mm/min in 2 mT. NMTR was decreased in the groups exposed to 1.5 and 2 mT (p < 0.05) compared to control. The edema, hyperemia, inflammation, ciliary loss, and goblet cell density were statistically significant differences between control and groups exposed to 1.5 and 2 mT (p < 0.05).ConclusionOur rat model has shown nasal mucosa damage and decreased NMCR and NMTR by rhinoscintigraphy as ELF‐MFs intensity increases. It may be detrimental to nasal mucosa mucociliary function depending on the ELF‐MFs intensity.Level of EvidenceN/A Laryngoscope, 133:2081–2089, 2023

In this study, we have investigated the chemotherapeutic potential of titanium dioxide (TiO2) nanoparticles on skin and breast cancer cells. The cells have treated with a 75 µg/ml concentration of titanium dioxide and then exposed to UV-A radiation. The combined effects of titanium dioxide and UV-A radiation on cell viability, cell cycle, plasma membrane, mitochondrial membrane potentials and apoptotic activity of the cells were investigated. As a result of the research, an increase was observed in the viability of cells treated with 75 µg/ml titanium dioxide concentration, while a significant decrease in cell viability was observed for both cell types when UV-A radiation and TiO2 were applied together. The results also showed that the percentage of apoptotic cells increased as a result of UV + TiO2 exposure. Accordingly, it can be said that TiO2 nanoparticles may research as potential chemotherapeutic agents for skin and breast cancers, especially in the presence of UV radiation.