zusammenfassung: Studien zu privaten Altersvorsorgeprodukten beschäftigen sich zunehmend mit der Informiertheit der Konsumentinnen/Konsumenten. Mithilfe einer repräsentativen Panelumfrage betrachtet dieser Beitrag darüber hinausgehende Erklärungsansätze für nachfrageseitige Hemmnisse, die eine Präfe-renzbildung für ergänzende Altersvorsorge, speziell für Riester-Produkte, verhindern können: fehlende oder unzureichende Systemakzeptanz, fehlendes oder unzureichendes Systemvertrauen und die fehlende oder unzureichende Bereitschaft, sich mit der Ausgestaltung der dritten Säule der Altersvorsorge zu beschäftigen. Es zeigt sich, dass ein Großteil der Befragten die normative Ausrichtung der Reform teilt und nicht nur den Staat, sondern auch die/den Einzelne/n als verantwortlich für eine ausreichende Altersvorsorge sieht. Aber auch wenn damit bei Vielen eine Präferenz für eine ergänzende Altersvorsorge besteht, ist ein mangelndes Vertrauen in das Alterssicherungssystem zu attestieren. Anbieterinnen/Anbietern und Nachfragerinnen/Nachfragern sozialer Güter und Dienstleistungen ist demnach allokativ effizient. Das optimale Ergebnis soll aber gleichzeitig auch die sozialsummary: Studies on private pension provision products have been focusing increasingly on the level of information among consumers. With the aid of a representative panel survey, this essay looks at more extensive approaches to an explanation for restraints on the demand side that may obstruct preference formation with regard to supplementary pension schemes, particularly Riester products: acceptance of and confidence in the system, as well as the readiness to learn about the configuration of the third pillar in old-age provision. The survey shows that the majority of respondents share the view on the normative approach of the reform and consider both the state and the individual responsible for sufficient retirement planning. Despite the fact, however, that many are inclined to take out supplementary pension insurance, a lack of confidence in the old-age provision system is to be acknowledged. Finally, the respondents tend to refuse to get acquainted with third pillar models, which is exemplified by the cost structure and eligibility for grant funding of Riester products. The consumer policy should therefore be complemented in such a way that not only information for potential consumers is made available, but also that consumer confidence in the third pillar of the old-age provision system is strengthened in general. It can also be concluded from these results that, with a view to Riester pensions, information on the eligibility for grant funding should continue to be provided and, further, that more transparent cost structures may also help promote the propagation of supplementary private pension provision.
In einer sich verändernden Welt, in der zunehmend ökonomische Entscheidungen zu treffen sind, rücken das Finanzwissen und die-kompetenzen in den Vordergrund. Insbesondere für den Bereich der Altersvorsorge ist dies wichtig und dabei gerade für Frauen, denn diese sind stärker von einer geringen Altersabsicherung betroffen; die fehlende Absicherung über die gesetzliche und betriebliche Rentenversicherung muss über den Kapitalmarkt generiert werden. Obwohl die Ausstattung mit Finanzwissen und-kompetenzen daher für diese Gruppe besonders wichtig ist, zeigt es sich aber, dass Frauen ein geringeres Finanzwissen und auch geringere Finanzkompetenzen aufweisen als Männer. In diesem Beitrag machen wir deutlich, dass neben Bildung und Einkommen auch die Arbeitsmarktpartizipation eine Erklärung hierfür ist. Summary: In an ever-changing world, with decisions of an increasing economic focus, financial education and financial literacy are becoming increasingly important. This is especially the case concerning old-age provision and retirement planning. Women in particular are more affected by a low level of old-age provision and the lack of coverage through statutory and occupational pensions. So, additional insurances must be generated via the capital market. Endowment with financial literacy is therefore particularly important for this group. Nonetheless, it is shown, that women have less financial knowledge than men do. This article makes it clear that in addition to education and income, the labour market participation can be another explanation for this gender gap.
Job advertisements are often worded in ways that might pose discrimination risks leading to the exclusion of certain groups of applicants, particularly in relation to their gender. Especially in male-dominated professions or leadership roles, the specific linguistic formulation of job postings acquires relevance if more women are to be attracted to apply. Various technologies have emerged that offer automated text screening, some of them even suggesting alternative formulations to increase gender inclusivity. In this study we analyze four software providers on the German market using a corpus of ∼160, 000 job ads from three different platforms. We identify the relevant social psychological research on gender and language that is at the scientific core of these technologies. We show that, despite sharing a common foundation, the four tools assess the potential for exclusion in job postings in a considerably divergent way on multiple levels of comparison. We discuss the levers in the software pipeline of all four technologies, as well as the potential effect of certain implementation decisions, such as string-based vs. semantic approaches to computational processing of natural language. We argue that the ‘technological translation’ of research is extremely involved and further studies of its use in practice are needed to assess the potential for more gender equality.
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