rats were given distilled water (orally) through 15 days and physiological saline (intraperitoneally) instead of MTX was administered on the 10th day in a similar manner. On the 16th day, liver tissue samples were obtained under deep anaesthesia. The level of malondialdehyde (MDA), an end product of lipid peroxidation, and the activities of süperoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT), two important endogenous antioxidants, were evaluated in the tissue homogenates. MTX administration increased the MDA level and decreased the SOD and CAT activities in the liver homogenates (p < 0.001), while these alterations were significantly reversed by GSE treatment (p < 0.001). MTX led to significantly reduced whole blood count parameters (p < 0.05). When GSE was supplemented, no significant changes in blood count parameters were noted. It appears that GSE protects the rat liver and inhibits methotrexate-induced oxidative stress. These data indicate that GSE may be of therapeutic benefit when used with MTX.

No abstract

The aim of this study was to evaluate the efficacy of the anti-inflammatory effects of propolis on the systemic and local effects on experimental periodontitis and diabetes. Fifty-six Wistar rats were divided into seven groups: (1) negative-control (NC), (2) periodontitis (P), (3) diabetes (D), (4) diabetes+periodontitis (DP), (5) periodontitis+propolis (P-Pro), (6) diabetes+propolis (D-Pro), and (7) diabetes+periodontitis+propolis (DP-Pro). Periodontitis was induced by ligature placement and diabetes was induced by streptozotocin injection. Propolis (Pro) was administrated by oral gavage (100 mg/kg/day). On day 21, plasma was obtained for analysis and alveolar bone level was evaluated using histomorphometric analysis. Compared to NC the final blood glucose levels for D-Pro was not significantly different (P=.052), however, D, DP, and DP-Pro were significantly different. There were no statistically significant differences in blood glucose concentrations between P and P-Pro, between D and D-Pro, and between DP and DP-Pro. All groups showed significantly more alveolar bone loss compared with NC. A significant difference in bone loss was found between P and P-Pro, and DP and DP-Pro, however there was no difference between D and D-Pro. Plasma interleukin 1beta (IL-1β), tumor necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α), and matrix metalloproteinase-8 (MMP-8) levels were not significantly different among groups. In conclusion, propolis reduced fasting blood glucose levels in diabetes. In addition, propolis might be beneficial as an adjunct treatment of diabetes associated periodontitis and periodontitis without diabetes.

The aim of this present study is to investigate the mucositis caused by methotrexate (MTX), as well as whether the application of royal jelly (RJ) has a protective effect on oxidative stress. This present study included six groups each consisted of 12 Wistar rats. Distilled water (po: peroral) was given to the 1 st group as placebo for 10 days and MTX (20 mg/kg, intraperitoneal: ip) on the 7 th day. The 2 nd group received RJ (50mg/kg, po) for 10 days and normal saline (NS) instead of MTX. RJ (50mg/kg) was given to the 3 rd group for 10 days and MTX on the 7 th day. The 4 th group received RJ (100 mg/kg, po) for 10 days and NS was given intraperitoneally. RJ (100mg/kg) was given to the 5 th group for 10 days and a single dose of MTX. Distilled water was given to the 6 th (control) group for 10 days and intraperitoneal NS on the 7 th day. Malondialdehyde (MDA), glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase were analyzed in blood samples on the 11 th day. Morphological and histopathological changes were examined in the intestinal tissue samples. Villus length and mucosal thickness, as well as the villus length/crypt ratio, were significantly decreased with MTX administration, and the semiquantitative histological evaluation (SQHE) score was measured high (p<0.001). In addition, a decrease in the antioxidant parameters and an increase in the MDA levels were identified. The villus length and SQHE were significantly different in the groups receiving RJ (p<0.001) as compared to the MTX group. Although RJ addition had no effect on the decreased mucosal thickness and villus/crypt ratio in MTX groups, it caused an improvement in the antioxidant levels and a remarkable decrease in MDA levels. Adding RJ has a decreasing effect on the MTX-induced intestinal damage and it has a suppressive effect on MTX-induced oxidative stress by means of increasing antioxidant enzyme activity and decreasing lipid peroxidation.

Cisplatin is a widely used anticancer drug but, it can produce undesirable effects such as hepatotoxicity even in therapeutic doses. The underlying mechanism in hepatotoxicity has been attributed to free oxygen radicals. The present study was designed to determine the possible protective effects of grape seed extract (GSE) and Origanum onites essential oil (OOEO) on liver toxicity induced by cisplatin. Ninetysix-male Wistar albino rats were divided into eight groups, twelve in each (Control, GSE, OOEO, GSE+OOEO, Cisplatin, GSE+ Cisplatin, OOEO+ Cisplatin, GSE+OOEO+ Cisplatin) and followed up for 10 days. Cisplatin and OOEO were injected intraperitoneally. GSE was administered with gavage. The histopathological examination of liver tissues was performed by light microscope. Superoxide dismutase (SOD), glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) activities and malondialdehyde (MDA) levels were determined in liver tissues. Alanine aminotransferase (ALT) and aspartate aminotransferase (AST) levels were measured in serum. Cisplatin-induced considerable hepatocyte damage under microscopic examination, and an increase in MDA levels as well as a decrease in the activities of antioxidant enzymes, including SOD, GSH-Px in liver tissues and an increase in serum ALT and AST (p< 0.001). The addition of GSE and/or OOEO significantly prevented microscopic tissue damage, reversed oxidative stress parameters and biochemical values compared to the cisplatin group (p< 0.001). In conclusion GSE and OOEO may be used in adjuvant therapy to prevent cisplatin-induced hepatotoxicity, but further studies using various doses, different time intervals, and a larger number of animals need to be carried out.Keywords: Cisplatin, Hepatotoxicity, Free Radicals, Grape, Thyme ÖZET Sisplatin, kanser tedavisinde yayg›n olarak kullan›lan fakat tedavi dozlar›nda dahi karaci¤er hasar› gibi istenmeyen yan etkilere sebep olabilen bir ilaçt›r. Sisplatinin karaci¤er dokusunda yapt›¤› hasar›n alt›nda yatan mekanizma büyük oranda serbest oksijen radikallerine ba¤l›d›r. Bu çal›flmada s›çanlarda sisplatin tedavisine ba¤l› oluflan karaci¤er hasar›nda üzüm çekirde¤i özütünün (ÜÇÖ) ve esansiyel kekik ya¤›n›n (EKY) muhtemel koruyucu etkilerinin araflt›r›lmas› amaçlanm›flt›r. Doksanalt› adet Wistar albino cinsi erkek s›çan; her biri oniki hayvandan oluflan sekiz gruba bölünerek (Kontrol, ÜÇÖ, EKY, ÜÇÖ+EKY, Sisplatin, ÜÇÖ+Sisplatin, EKY+Sisplatin, ÜÇÖ+EKY+Sisplatin), on gün süreyle takip edildi.