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The effect of the plant growth regulators benzyl amino purine (BAP), 1-naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and kinetin (KIN) on in vitro shoot induction and proliferation of Plectranthus amboinicus was examined. Explants obtained from lateral shoots and apical shoots of P. amboinicus were inoculated on Murashige and Skoog (MS) culture medium supplemented with different concentrations of BAP, NAA and KIN. When the effect of each growth regulator was considered singly, the highest rate of shoot induction (80% of explants producing shoots) and highest number of shoots produced (2.4 shoots per explant) were obtained from lateral shoot explants cultured on MS media supplemented with 3.0 mg/L BAP within 6-7 weeks. Better results were obtained using MS medium supplemented with 1 mg/L BAP + 5 mg/L NAA. Shoot proliferation rose to 85%, while 5.7 shoots per explants were recorded. Among the different media tested for rooting, MS medium supplemented with 1.0 mg/L IBA was the most effective for root induction. The quality of the roots obtained was better than that obtained using MS media supplemented with NAA or IAA.

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Kaempferia parviflora plants derived from in vitro culture were grown in the glasshouse. A comparison of the yield of total phenolics and total flavonoids under varying extraction conditions from rhizomes harvested from plants of different ages was undertaken. The results showed that phenolic and flavonoid contents in the rhizomes were highest 8 months after planting. Another study found that 2 g rhizomes extracted in 50 ml of water at 90˚C for 120 minutes gave the best yield of phenolics and flavonoids. Under these conditions, an average of 210 mg GAE/g dry weight of total phenolics and 81 µg QCE/g dry weight of total flavonoids were obtained.

Tissue culture provides an avenue for the production of high quality clonal plants in large numbers within a short time. Here, we describe the development of protocols for reproducible in vitro micropropagation of Lepisanthes fruticosa via direct organogenesis. Shoots were initiated from two types of explants, nodes and young shoots, to establish in vitro cultures on Murashige and Skoog’s (MS) medium or Woody Plant Medium (WPM) supplemented with different concentrations of benzylaminopurine (BAP). Semi-solid WPM media containing 1 mg/L BAP was most effective in shoot initiation in both node and young shoot explants, giving 40% and 20% shoot induction, respectively. The highest rate of shoot proliferation from young shoot explants was obtained using BAP at 3.0 mg/L in combination with NAA at 1.0 mg/L in WPM culture medium. This combination of growth regulators in the medium was also suited to root initiation.