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Lichen, a symbiotic form of fungi and algae has been known for its metabolites, but, much of the metabolites remain unexplored. It's excellent biomedical potential with active substances are being applied for medicinal purposes for the past few years. By considering the active compounds, the present study aims at reporting the anti-microbial and anti-oxidant activities of less explored lichen, Ramalina inflata. Lichen sample was collected from Kolli hills of Eastern Ghats in the range of above 1000MSL. Further, it was subjected to extraction (Soxhlet) using five solvents and purification of bioactive metabolites. The result indicated the compounds that were present in the different extracts were found to be salazinic acid, divaricatic acid and some triterpenes. Antimicrobial activity of methanolic extract showed a high zone of inhibition against Klebsiella pneumoniae (13.01±0.12 mm). Petroleum ether showed the best inhibition against Staphylococcus aureus with 10.17±0.07 mm and against Candida krusei with an inhibition of 8.47±0.08 mm. Antioxidant assays of Phenolics, DPPH, Ferric reducing power assay, CUPRAC, and Phosphomolybdenum assay were done for various crude extracts. The result observed that benzene extract showed a high content of total phenolics, which was 30.790±0.903 μg/ml whereas, its percentage of inhibition in DPPH assay was 12.987%. The petroleum extract of R. inflata showed a moderate activity in ferric ion reducing power assay and molybdenum reducing assay and a very low cupric ion reducing capability. Methanol extract showed a high cupric ion reducing power with an optical density of 0.829±0.036.

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Obesity is a condition in which large amount of fat is stored in adipose tissue. Obesity is the greatest risk for many diseases like coronary heart disease, type 2 diabetes millions associated with insulin resistance, arthritis disorder, hypertension and cancers. Currently, the available drugs for obesity have been associated with number of side effects when compared with allopathic drugs. Salvia hispanica was one of the member of Lamiaceae family, collected to study the antiobesity activity. Extraction of Salvia hispanica using different solvents was done and tested for the presence of phytochemical constituents and the antimicrobial activity was monitored to evaluate the zone of inhibition. Further, antioxidant potential activity such as DPPH, FRAP and H2O2 assay was studied. Percentage of inhibition of Salvia hispanica was calculated and was observed as in capturing the free radicals present in the body. The surface and cross-sectional morphology Salvia hispanica extract nanoparticles was examined by using SEM. High ALA content make chia a perfect as it is associated with lower incidence of Cardiovascular diseases. This metabolic syndrome is mediated by inflammatory pathways. Hence, the in vitro activity of anti-inflammatory assay was performed by inhibition of albumin denaturation and anti-obesity activity was performed by lipase inhibition assay. Thus the result indicates that the seed extracts of Salvia hispanica possess antiobesity activity. Keywords: Salvia hispanica, anti-obesity, cholesterol, Antioxidant, lipase inhibition

<p class="Abstract">The core objective of this study was to investigate the in vitro anti-oxidant and antihyperglycemic effect of the ethanol extract of <em>Parmotrema </em>hababianum in streptozocin-induced diabetic rats for 42 days. The extract showed nearly all anti-oxidant activities with maximum presence. The treatment with extract in diabetic rats at the dosage level of 100 and 200 mg/kg, which is compared with diabetic control and glibenclamide at a dosage level of 4 mg/kg and the biochemical parameters such as blood glucose, total cholesterol, triglycerides, HDL, LDL, insulin, total protein, urea and creatinine were assessed. The extract showed positive correlation (p&lt;0.001) in reducing blood glucose level as compared to the control. Moreover, there was a significant (p&lt;0.01) decrease in TC, TG, LDL, SGPT, SGOT, urea and creatinine level and significant (p&lt;0.01) increase in HDL and insulin level. Thus, the results of this study show considerable efficacy in curing diabetes with potent anti-oxidant and anti-hyperglycemic activity.</p><p class="Abstract"><strong>Video Clip of</strong>:</p><p class="Abstract"><a href="https://youtube.com/v/Lw2vvLpKNTE">Methodology</a>: 6 min 12 sec</p>