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The article considers the main indicators of demographic development of the Russian Federation in recent years in connection with the level of development of social infrastructure. It is shown that the demographic situation in the country is deteriorating, that is due to both subjective and objective reasons. Among the objective reasons, the main one is the change in the age structure of the population, which is expressed in a sharp decrease in the number of women in fertile age. This is due to the acute demographic crisis of the 1990s, «demographic waves» generated by the Great Patriotic War, and other factors. Among the subjective causes of the decline in birth rate, the article highlights the general patterns of reduction in the number of children in families as the level of socio-economic development increases, which are characteristic of all countries of European culture. In particular, the reduction in the number of children is facilitated by such factors as reduction in the share of officially registered families, increase in child support costs, and the financial difficultiesfaced by families with children during economic crises and stagnation. All these cases are typical for regions of the Russian Federation in recent years. Development of social infrastructure — education, healthcare, culture, sports, and other similar systems — could improve the demographic situation in Russia. Unfortunately, in recent years, such systems have been degrading rather than developing in Russia. This is facilitated by the system of statistical reporting that does not reflect the actual situation. The article proposes approaches that could overcome this shortcoming of the present statistical reporting system, thereby contributing to the demographic development of the modern Russian Federation.

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Financial behavior is a category and its relevance for Russia is growing rapidly along with the activity of people who carry out daily interactions in a dynamic socio-economic space at all its territorial levels (local, regional, national, and supranational). In this context, the authors emphasize the scientific significance of studying the process of behavior transformation leading to financial results. From the point of view of the authors, this is due to the understanding of the primary and secondary interdependencies, the coherence of the concepts used, their sequence, priority, and significance. The aim of the article is to show the connectedness of elements in the behavior of people who are actors simultaneously in three subspaces: social, economic, and financial, which are organized hierarchically. The goal is due to the diversity of people’s financial behavior and the need for a counter study of both the factors influencing it and the analysis of monitoring the intertwining forms of financial behavior. The authors use methods of spatial analysis, content analysis, and sociological factor analysis. The factors of influence are placed in the “pyramid” of subspaces, which contributes to their prioritization, the vectors of people’s interaction, the economic, socio-demographic determinism of their actions, and the territorial differentiation of the financial infrastructure, and other aspects are also highlighted. The article systematizes scientific approaches to the study of the economic and financial activities of the population from the point of view of the relationship of incentive motives which simultaneously affect decision-making. The study identifies structural elements of each of the three subspaces (relationships-resources-choice-experience), within which a person (social group) forms and implements a particular model of behavior. The main theoretical concepts used in the study of financial behavior are singled out: social relations, economic resources, financial strategy, and their relationship. The authors conclude that the financial behavior of people has a spatial structure. Its result is determined by the categories of three subspaces — social, economic, and financial, which together represent the “matryoshka” model. The proposed methodology is significant for identifying the characteristics of the financial behavior of young people and the factors influencing the transformation of their financial literacy.