Latar belakang. Demam pada kejang demam dapat disebabkan oleh proses infeksi yang dimungkinkan terjadi akibat malnutrisi pada balita dan digambarkan dalam penilaian status gizi. Tujuan. Mengetahui hubungan status gizi dengan usia kejang demam pertama pada anak.Metode. Penelitian analitik cross-sectional dengan pendekatan retrospektif menggunakan data sekunder rekam medis pasien rawat inap kejang demam anak periode Januari – Desember 2019 di RSUD Prof. Dr. M. A. Hanafiah SM, Batusangkar, Sumatera Barat. Sampel penelitian terdiri atas 95 anak dengan kejang demam pertama yang dipilih dengan teknik consecutive sampling. Penelitian dilaksanakan pada 07 sampai dengan 21 November 2020. Pengolahan data menggunakan analisis univariat, bivariat dengan uji korelasi Spearman. Hasil. Anak dengan kejang demam pertama memiliki gizi baik (50,5% berdasarkan indeks IMT/U dan 51,6% berdasarkan indeks BB/PB atau BB/TB), dan berada dalam kelompok umur batita (12 bulan ≤ usia kejang demam pertama <36 bulan) dengan rata – rata usia kejang demam pertama 24,42 bulan. Uji Spearman menunjukkan tidak terdapat hubungan yang signifikan antara status gizi dengan usia kejang demam pertama baik berdasarkan indeks IMT/U (p=0,260) maupun berdasarkan indeks BB/PB atau BB/TB (p=0,386).Kesimpulan. Tidak terdapat hubungan yang bermakna antara status gizi dengan usia kejang demam pertama pada anak.

BACKGROUND: Pathogen identification is critical for antibiotic selection in suppurative otitis media. However, bacterial culture challenges from suppurative specimens often cause antibiotic misuse and ineffective treatment. A quantitative polymerase chain reaction (PCR) controlled by the human cells contained in the specimen (HIRA-TAN) has been established in differentiate between pathogens and colonization in the previous pneumonia study. AIM: The aim of this study was to investigate the utility of HIRA-TAN and determine the causative pathogen in chronic suppurative otitis media. METHODS: Thirty-nine patients were recruited to the study. The otorrhea was swab-collected and processed for both bacterial culture and a multiplex PCR-based test. The cutoff of cycle threshold to determinate the pathogens was defined by receiver operating characteristic curves. RESULTS: Thirty-nine patients ranging from 1.7 to 62 years old were enrolled. The hearing impairment was found different between adult and children (p < 0.005) with adults (24/29 patients) had a significantly higher rate. A total of 35.9% of samples were positive for bacterial culture; Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Klebsiella pneumoniae, Proteus mirabilis, and Morganella morganii, while Bacteroides fragilis, Acinetobacter baumannii, Moraxella catarrhalis, and Escherichia coli were not identified by culture, although high cycle-threshold values were obtained suggesting the inability of the culture system in detecting some pathogens. CONCLUSION: Our results indicate that HIRA-TAN is a potential diagnostic tool in suppurative otitis media and warrant a larger cohort study.

Introduction: Damages in middle ear structures correlated with tubal dysfunction and impaired drainage; thus, it's associated with changes in angle, length, and tubal diameter. This study aimed to determine the ratio of angle, length, and diameter of Eustachian tube with safe and unsafe types of chronic suppurative otitis media (CSOM).Methods: Cross sectional analytical retrospective design, CT-Scan assessment for angle, length, the diameter of the tube on safe and unsafe type CSOM from January to December 2019 Angle is assessed using Reid's line, tube length by a tympanic orifice to pharyngeal orifice line, Tube diameter is measured from anteroposterior pre-tympanic line diameter. Results: From 61 CSOM patients, 70.5% safe type, 29.5% unsafe type. Safe type tube angle mean is 29.120, unsafe type 29.950, normal ear 28.230, thus no significant difference. A significant difference in the tube length (P = 0.001) is that the mean normal ear is 35.39 mm, smaller on safe type 33.58 mm, and unsafe type 29.53 mm. A significant difference in tubal diameter ratio (P = 0.001), normal diameter 2.19 mm, on safe type is 2.02 mm smaller, unsafe type 1.86 mm.Conclusion: The smaller length and diameter of the Eustachian tube will lead to unsafe type CSOM.

Objective : Pathogen identification is critical for antibiotic selection in suppurative otitis media. However, causative pathogen determination from suppurative specimens of the middle ear is challenging. The current study investigated the utility of HIRA-TAN defining the causative pathogen in chronic suppurative otitis media based on the cycle-threshold difference between the targeted pathogen and the single-copy human gene by quantitative PCR. Results : Thirty-nine patients were recruited to the study, and the otorrhea was swab-collected and subjected to bacterial culture and HIRA-TAN which the cycle-threshold cut-off was determined using receiver operating characteristic curves. A total of 35.9% of samples were positive for bacterial culture; P. aeruginosa , K. pneumoniae , P. mirabilis, and M. morganii. While B. fragilis , A. baumanii , M. catarrhalis , and E. coli were not identified by culture though high cycle-threshold values were obtained suggesting the inability of the culture system in detecting some pathogens. Our results indicate that HIRA-TAN is a potential diagnostic tool in suppurative otitis media and warrant more extensive studies. Keywords: suppurative otitis media, pathogen, real-time polymerase chain reaction, molecular diagnostics

Background: Current treatment for CSOM is still unsatisfactory, many factors contributed in this condition. Impaired mucociliary clearance of the Eustachian tube can be a predisposing factor for recurrent otitis media and slow healing of the middle ear mucosa, local circulation and improvement of middle ear pressure. During process of middle ear infection, mucus production commonly found, the middle ear and the Eustachian tube are disturbed. The erdosteine effects of increase epithelial mucociliary transport are well documented. Objectives: To investigate the effectiveness erdosteine in mucociliary transport of benign CSOM. Method: sixteen (16) patients with benign CSOM were experimental research, using pretest-posttest control group design method with random sampling. The two main comparisons were transport mucocilary time compared to a) erdostein and b) no erdostein. Result: The study analyzed the interval time of mucociliary transport between pretest and posttest was measured in studied patients. The transition time from pretest to posttest with erdosteine from 24:36:22 to 16:28:32 minutes (p=0,006) and without erdostein from 22:12:39 to 19:18:19 minutes (p=0,029). There is a difference in transportation time before and after administration of erdostein. However, there were no significant difference in mucociliary transport time from pretest to posttest between 2 groups (p=0.682). Conclusions: The results of our study indicate that erdosteine is correlated with increased mucociliary transport. Eventhough the interval time have no significance different between erdorsteine group and without erdorsteine group.