This paper presents a linear mixed integer modeling approach for basic components in a biomass supply chain including supply, processing, storage and demand of different types of biomass.The main focus in the biomass models lies on the representation of the relationship between moisture and energy content in a discretized framework and on handling of long term processes like storage with passive drying effects in the optimization. The biomass models are formulated consistently with current models for gas, electricity and heat infrastructures in the optimization model 'eTransport', which is designed for planning of energy systems with multiple energy carriers. To keep track of the varying moisture content in the models and its impact on other biomass properties, the current node structure in eTransport has been expanded with a special set of biomass nodes. The Node, Supply, Dryer and Storage models are presented in detail as examples of the approach. A sample case study is included to illustrate the functionality implemented in the models.

No abstract

No abstract

The CO2 emissions from a building’s power system will change over the life time of the building, and this need to be taken into account to verify whether a building is Zero Emission (ZEB) or not. This paper describes how conversion factors between electricity demand and emissions can be calculated for the European power system in a long term perspective through the application of a large scale electricity market model (EMPS). Examples of two types of factors are given: a conversion factor for average emissions per kWh for the whole European power system as well as a marginal factor for a specific region.

This paper presents linear models of the most common components in the value chain for CO 2 capture and storage. The optimal investment planning of new gas power plants traditionally includes the cost of fuel versus sales of electricity and heat from the plant. If a new power plant also causes additional investments in gas infrastructure, these should be included in the optimization. With the increasing focus on global CO 2 emissions, yet another aspect is introduced in the form of technology and infrastructure for capture, transport, and storage of CO 2 . To be able to include all these aspects in the planning of new power plants, linear models for CO 2 capture and storage are formulated consistent with current models for gas, electricity, and heat infrastructures. This paper presents models for the following CO 2 infrastructure: source, combined cycle gas turbine producing electricity, heat and exhaust, capture plant, pipeline, liquefaction plant, storage, ship transport, injection pump, and demand/market. Index Terms-CO 2 , carbon dioxide capture and storage (CCS), linear programming (LP), power system planning.