Objective-Based on the reported association between cytokines with depression and suicide, and evidence of increased markers of inflammation in the brain of suicide victims, the present study examined the expression of cytokines in the orbitofrontal cortex of suicide victims.Method-In a postmortem sample obtained from the Brodman area 11 of suicides (n = 34) and controls (n = 17), real-time RT-PCR was used to compare the expression of mRNA species for tumor necrosis factor-a (TNF-α), interleukin (IL)-1β, 4, 5, 6, and 13.Results-Increased expression of IL-4 was found in women suicide victims and IL-13 in men suicide victims. Elevated but not significant cytokine expression was also observed for TNF-α in women suicide victims. • Limited information on psychiatric diagnoses and blood toxicology in the suicide group. Conclusion-To NIH Public Access

These symptoms seem to be helpful early predictors for the risk of suicide during the further course of illness. This should be taken into account for suicide prevention in the course of major depression.

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A hydrotherapy group for laryngectomized patients proved to be safe, feasible, and effective in this pilot study.

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