Levels of lactoferrin, an Fe-binding protein with bacteriostatic properties, were determined in the colostrum and milk of Yorkshire sows during a 21-d lactation. Lactoferrin levels averaged 1,100 to 1,300 micrograms/ml near the time of farrowing, then declined sharply during the first week of lactation. Concentration of lactoferrin showed considerable variation among sows, but not among teat positions (anterior to posterior). A method for isolating high purity swine lactoferrin is described.
Summary We summarize our previous and ongoing efforts to characterize two potential candidate genes (lactoferrin and lysozyme) for mastitis resistance and examine their relevance for an improvement of udder‐health in cows. The genes encoding lactoferrin (Lf) and lysozyme (Lys) have been isolated and characterized at the DNA‐sequence level, besides the αS1‐casein gene. Starting from these data, two different strategies are being persued to analyse their relevance in breeding for mastitis resistance. First, based on the molecular characterization of their natural variants we are searching for high‐performance alleles of both genes in the active breeding population. A first trend for the implication of a Lf‐gene variant in mastitis‐resistance is seen in the Norwegian breeding population. Second, we want to assess experimentally the value of these genes for mastitis resistance under physiological conditions in transgenic experiments, under expression control of the bovine αS1 ‐casein gene promoter. Based upon extensive molecular and cell biological characterizations of the bovine αS1 ‐casein gene and its regulatory elements, a vector cassette has been constructed for transgene expression in the mammary gland. Positive expression of a lactoferrin expressing transgene in the mammary gland of mice has been demonstrated. Zusammenfassung Zur Definition von Kandidatengenen für Mastitisresistenz beim Rind: Die Bedeutung von Laktoferrin und Lysozym Es wird eine Übersicht gegeben über unsere langjährigen Untersuchungen zur Charakterisierung zweier möglicher Kandidatengene für Mastitisresistenz (Laktoferrin und Lysozym) beim Rind. Beide Gene wurden isoliert und sequenziert, sowie das αS1 ‐Casein‐Gen. Hierauf aufbauend werden zwei Strategien verfolgt, um ihre grundsätzliche Bedeutung für Mastitis Resistenz zu analysieren. Zum einen wurden ihre natürliche Genvarianten beschrieben, um nun nach Hochleistungsvarianten in der aktiven Zuchtpopulation suchen zu können. Ein erster Hinweis auf die Beteilung einer Lf‐Genvariante wurde anhand der Norwegischen Zuchtpopulation erhalten. Zum zweiten soll experimentell die Bedeutung beider Gene zur Abwehr euterpathogener Organismen unter den physiologischen Bedingungen der Milchdrüse in transgenen Experimenten untersucht werden, und zwar unter der Expressions‐Kontrolle durch den bovinen αS1‐Caseingen‐Promotor. Basierend auf der molekularen und zellbiologischen Charakterisierung des bovinen αS1‐Caseingens und seiner genetischen Steuerelemente wurde ein Vektorkassette zur Transgenexpression in der Milchdrüse aufgebaut. Die Expression des bovinen Laktoferringens wurde in der Milchdrüse von transgenen Mäusen nachgewiesen.
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