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Coronavirus disease 2019 (SARS-CoV-2) is caused by Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome-Corona Virus-2 (SARS-CoV-2) which is an encapsulated coronavirus singlestranded ribonucleic acid (RNA) and is highly contagious. Transmission is believed to be predominantly through droplet spread and direct patient contact rather than 'airborne spread.' There is still no specific antiviral treatment for COVID-19 infection except for supportive therapies for affected patients including respiratory care, especially in critical cases. It has become a clinical threat to the general population worldwide since the 2019 novel outbreak of coronavirus disease originated in Wuhan, China, in late 2019. Among people infected with the novel coronavirus (SARS-CoV-2), approximately 5-15% of patients need intensive care monitoring and ventilation support. In this article, we tried to provide a practical summary of the respiratory aid for COVID-19 patients. We conducted a review of the literature through revision of the available online data on PubMed and other online resources to examine best practice recommendations concerning respiratory support for COVID-19 patients with ARDS.

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Bronchoscopy entails significant manipulation of the upper and lower respiratory tracts with marked hemodynamic response and therefore represents a potentially greater hazard to safe anesthesia.There have been many attempts to attenuate these adverse effects. Dexmedetomidine is highly selective, short-acting central alpha 2 agonist. It has increasingly gained popularity among anesthesiologists as adjuvant to general and regional anesthesia techniques. This study was conducted to compare the efficacy of administratingfentanyl, dexmedetomidine or lidocaine on control of hemodynamic changes to rigid bronchoscopy in pediatric patients. Ninety ASA I-II children aged 2-12 year were randomly assigned to 3 groups: fentanyl (F), dexmedetomidine (D) and lidocaine (Z). HR, SAP, MAP, DAP and SPO2 were measured and recorded. Results revealed that patients in the D group showed minimal changes in hemodynamic parameters in response to the procedure of rigid bronchoscopy. We concluded that dexmedetomidine can be used safely and effectively to attenuate the hemodynamic responses to rigid bronchoscopy in pediatric patients.

Background Major neck surgery is done typically under general anesthesia (GA). The neural blocks of the neck include blocking of the cervical plexus, superior laryngeal nerve, trans-laryngeal, block of the glossopharyngeal nerve, and local anesthetic infiltration. In patients with a high risk of GA, including those with pulmonary dysfunction, and prior myocardial ischemia or infarction, regional anesthesia is mainly indicated. Case presentation We record a case of a comorbid geriatric patient with dysphonia and left glottic mass that was diagnosed as squamous cell papilloma by transoral biopsy using curved biopsy forceps under local spray anesthesia, and after 6 months, this patient developed stridor for which tracheostomy, laryngofissure, and left cordectomy were then performed solely under neck blocks. Surgery was performed while the patient remained pain-free and stable without any morbidity throughout the operation. Conclusions In high-risk patients and low-resource health systems, regional anesthesia in neck surgery can be a reasonable and cheap alternate to general anesthetics.