No abstract

PurposeSocial stress is a psychological and biological pressure that stems from one's relationship with others in social environments, which has become the most serious humanitarian issue today. Learning environments are one of the most important environments for reducing or increasing social stress and concentration. This study aims to investigate the effect of classroom wall color on students' stress and concentration in four common types of classrooms.Design/methodology/approachThis research is a survey of 275 university students with an age range of 20–24. The methodology is a combination of quantitative and qualitative research. Data analysis was performed by multiple variance analysis and the internal reliability of the questionnaire was calculated based on Cronbach's alpha.FindingsResults show that classroom wall color has a significant effect on student stress and concentration. In class type one, wall color had an effect of 10.4% on stress and concentration; in the second type, this variable had an effect of 8.8%, also in the third type it had an effect of 7.3% and 8.8% in the fourth type.Originality/valueIt can be concluded that wall color has an effective role in understanding the level of stress and concentration of users in the classrooms, and considering this factor in designing classrooms improves students' behavior and the quality of education in learning environments.

Introduction: An appropriate tool for measuring personal identity has already been developed by Adams et al but, it is not yet clear to what extent this tool and its items are in line with the requirements of Iranian culture.Aim: This study aimed to reconstruct, validation and standardization of the extended objective measure of ego Identity Status-2 (EOM-EIS-2) and preparing its short form in Iranian society. Method:The study population consisted of 524 students of Tehran state-run universities and was selected by cluster random sampling method. Item analysis such as item discrimination and loop, construct validation (factor analysis) and reliability analysis (Cronbach Alpha) were utilized.Results: During the factor analysis, 8 factors were identified, 6 of which were consistent with the concepts of Identity status. Reliability assessment by computing Cronbach's alpha coefficient for each of the 4 Identity statuses and for the instrument were above 0.7 and 0.886 respectively. During the validation process, 15 questions were removed due to the reduction of validity evidence. Finally, taking into 6 omitted questions during the reliability analysis process (due to the reduction of reliability evidence); the number of omitted questions reached 21 and a shortened Iranian questionnaire with 43 items was prepared and presented. Conclusion:It can be concluded Persian version of Measure of Ego Identity Status-2 (EOM-EIS-2) in Iranian culture possesses an appropriate validity and reliability. Also, the factors obtained from the factor analysis and the short form presented can adequately measure the Identity statuses.

The hidden issues behind the body of Iranian architecture contain meanings, mysteries, and symbols. The aim of this article is to describe the relationship between the function of symbols of Iranian Architecture and the quality of health. This paper investigates 5 case studies namely the traditional bathhouse of Iran (TBI) from 5 cities with a particular approach to light and decorative motifs from the Ghajar and Safavid periods in Iran. The methodology used is the Delphi research with the Q factor analysis. Finally, the profile of the relations of ornaments in a healthy TBI is explained.

The hidden issues behind the body of Iranian architecture contain meanings, mysteries, and symbols. In the pathology of the bathroom, it should be noted that anti-physiological leisure in a mechanized, automated, and boring environment with no desire to stay in it, is the main problem that has prevailed in recent years. The aim of this article is to describe the relationship between the function of symbols of Iranian Architecture and the quality of health. This paper investigates 5 case studies namely the traditional bathhouse of Iran (TBI) from 5 cities with a particular approach to light and decorative motifs from the Ghajar and Safavid periods in Iran. The methodology used is the Delphi research with the Q factor analysis. Finally, the profile of the relations of ornaments in a healthy TBI is explained.