We demonstrate, for the first time, that the transcription factor NF-jB is constitutively activated during human cervical cancer progression. Immunohistochemical analysis was done using 106 paraffin-embedded cervical tissue specimens of different histological grades. In normal cervical tissue and low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesions, p50, RelA and IjB-a were mainly localized in the cytosol, whereas in high-grade lesions and squamous cell carcinomas, p50-RelA heterodimers translocated into the nucleus with a concurrent decrease in IjB-a protein. By Western blot analysis, p50 and RelA were detectable mainly in the cytosolic and nuclear extracts in normal and cancer tissues, respectively, and cytosolic IjB-a expression was detectable in normal but not in cancer cervical tissues. NF-jB DNA-binding activity increased during cervical cancer progression and the binding complex was mainly composed of the p50-RelA heterodimers as revealed by electrophoretic mobility shift assays. Semiquantitative RT-PCR analysis, however, showed increased levels of IjB-a mRNA in cancer samples presumably because of feedback regulation as a result of enhanced NF-jB DNA-binding activity and a consequent functional activation of NF-jB. Further immunohistochemical analysis with an antibody to phospho IjB-a revealed that phosphorylation occurs mainly in squamous intraepithelial lesions, suggesting that the IjB-a gets phosphorylated initially and degraded as the tumor progressed.
Gestational trophoblastic disease is an abnormal condition of the placenta, the incidence of which is very high in the State of Kerala, India. The biology of this disease is vague and methods to determine the malignant potential are limited. Placentae of normal (50) and molar pregnancies (95), including 32 showing persistent disease, were used for the study. Epidermal growth factor (EGFR), expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry using monoclonal antibody, and quantified using the 125I-EGF-binding assay. EGFR was expressed more strongly in molar placentae than in normal placentae of similar gestational age, and was strong in the molar placentae of all gestational ages, whereas expression was mainly restricted to the first and second trimesters in normal placentae. Moles with early presenting symptoms (before 16 weeks) were at a higher risk of developing persistent disease. To conclude, the immunohistochemical study shows high expression of EGFR in early normal placentae and in moles, linking its role to the proliferative and differentiating activity of trophoblasts. Tumours with a histological diagnosis of invasive moles and choriocarcinoma showed very strong binding of EGFR. The present observations also suggest the possibility of mutated EGF receptors being present in persistent trophoblastic disease.
Gestational trophoblastic disease is an abnormal condition of the placenta, the incidence of which is very high in the State of Kerala, India. The biology of this disease is vague and methods to determine the malignant potential are limited. Placentae of normal (50) and molar pregnancies (95), including 32 showing persistent disease, were used for the study. Epidermal growth factor (EGFR), expression was evaluated by immunohistochemistry using monoclonal antibody, and quantified using the 125I-EGF-binding assay. EGFR was expressed more strongly in molar placentae than in normal placentae of similar gestational age, and was strong in the molar placentae of all gestational ages, whereas expression was mainly restricted to the first and second trimesters in normal placentae. Moles with early presenting symptoms (before 16 weeks) were at a higher risk of developing persistent disease. To conclude, the immunohistochemical study shows high expression of EGFR in early normal placentae and in moles, linking its role to the proliferative and differentiating activity of trophoblasts. Tumours with a histological diagnosis of invasive moles and choriocarcinoma showed very strong binding of EGFR. The present observations also suggest the possibility of mutated EGF receptors being present in persistent trophoblastic disease.
Introduction: Majority of nasal and paranasal sinus lesions clinically present as polypoidal lesions, complicating the diagnosis for the physician which inturn hampers the patient prognosis and in few cases survival of patient, so histopathology is imperative to arrive at the diagnosis. Carcinoma of the paranasal sinus cavity is rare representing 3-4% of head and neck tumours and less than 1% of all malignancies. Aim: To examine the histopathological patterns of neoplastic nasal and paranasal sinus lesions, to categorise neoplastic lesions into benign and malignant types, to find the relation of these lesions with age and sex and also to find the utility of Immunohistochemistry (IHC) in differentiating morphologically suspicious lesions. Materials and Methods: The present cross-sectional study was carried out between January 2020-January 2021. A total of 22 cases were taken for the study, which were received as nasal and paranasal sinus lesions in histopathology. All the lesions received were processed according to standard protocol and diagnosed histopathologically and confirmed by relevant special stains and immunohistochemical analysis (CD99, CD56 etc.). Results: Out of 22 cases, 16 were benign and six were malignant. The lesions were commonly detected between fourth to sixth decades. Male to female ratio was 1.4:1. The ratio of benign to malignant lesion was 2.67:1. The most common benign lesion encountered was capillary haemangioma (seven cases) and malignant lesion seen was squamous cell carcinoma (three cases), comparable to other similar studies. The IHC was done in malignant lesions for accurate diagnosis. Conclusion: In the present study, the cases are divided into benign and malignant lesions with the help of histopathological examination. Cases showing features of malignancy were further subjected to immunohistochemical examination as to diagnose the cases precisely and thus help in patient treatment and prognosis.
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