Introduction: In this study, we aimed to perform a literature review to investigate the existence of therapeutic proposals in 5-Fluoruracil-induced intestinal mucositis, which is a common side effect of chemotherapy treatment. The literature review was performed using PubMed, Science Direct, and Bireme between 2015 and 2019. The descriptors used " intestinal mucositis" AND " intestinal mucositis and 5-Fluorouracil". We excluded from the review studies, double data studies, titles and/or summaries that did not address therapeutic proposals, and articles not available in full. Were selected thirty-two articles, which had the objective of evaluating the effect of substances on the model of intestinal mucositis induced by 5-Fluorouracil; it is emphasized that no articles with clinical evaluation were found. On the other hand, several animal studies are being carried out with the main objective being the evaluation of probiotics, products of natural origin, and drug repurposing for the treatment of intestinal mucositis. The main morphological parameters evaluated were histological changes, inflammatory parameters, oxidative stress, intestinal permeability, microbiota homeostasis, cell apoptosis, and the number of goblet cells that are altered during the pathophysiology of intestinal mucositis. It was verified that there is still no evidence in the literature for the existence of effective clinical treatment for intestinal mucositis induced by 5-Fluorouracil. However, promising preclinical results were found with extracts of traditional plants, substances isolated from plants, and probiotics with emphasis on those of the genus Lactobacillus.

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O paracetamol é comercializado desde a década de 1950, sendo um medicamento de amplo acesso a população por não precisar de prescrição médica, ser de baixo custo e por ter ampla distribuição, além de apresentar de média analgesia, alta ação antipirética e baixa ação anti-inflamatória se comparados a outros medicamentos de mesma classe. Embora ele seja considerado seguro em doses terapêuticas, as superdoses podem cursar com lesão hepática grave. Nesse contexto, a presente revisão visa evidenciar os principais fatores que predispõem a hepatotoxicidade do paracetamol, bem como mostrar os seus mecanismos de hepatotoxicidade. Entende-se que o paracetamol é um dos medicamentos mais utilizados de maneira indiscriminada pela população mundial tendo como consequências elevados índices de automedicação. Dessa forma, esse fármaco em doses altas e repetidas exerce um papel tóxico ao organismo, como pode ser percebido por meio de experimentos in vitro, os quais atestaram o seu potencial de esgotamento de glutationa que incapacitam o organismo de realizar a desintoxicação. Diante disso, como o fígado é o principal órgão que metaboliza o paracetamol, a superdosagem de tal medicamento acarreta lesões hepáticas de três maneiras, tais como overdose, oxidação da CYP450 e depleção dos hepatócitos. Contudo, observa-se que a overdose é o fator de toxicidade mais comum devido ao envenenamento recorrente, uma vez que não exclui uma faixa etária específica, atingindo tanto crianças quanto idosos.

Não se aplica.

Obesity is a public health problem and many patients resort to bariatric surgeries as a form of treatment. However, surgical weight loss mechanisms, histopathological changes and long‐term consequences of bariatric surgery remain unclear. Among the main histopathological changes in the intestine we have increased expression of neutral mucins, acid mucins, caliciform cells and collagen in animals submitted to the gastric restriction model. Currently there is no therapeutic tool to reduce histopathological and oxidative changes promoted by gastric restriction surgeries. Based on these premises, the aim of this work was to investigate whether Peppermint essential oil reduces histopathological and oxidative changes in the experimental gastric restriction model. Adult male Wistar rats weighing between 250 and 400 grams were used. The animals were submitted to surgical gastrostomy and a cylindrical natural sponge (1.5 cm in diameter) was inserted into the stomach. The rats were separated into 3 groups, namely: Control (treated only with saline), Sham (surgical procedure only) and treatment (peppermint oil 100mg/Kg orally). Weight, water and food consumption were measured daily. On the last day all animals were euthanized and had the biological material collected (stomach, duodenum and jejunum) for histopathological evaluation and malondialdehyde (MDA) concentration in tissue. It was found that peppermint oil was able to reduce histopathological changes caused by the phytobenzoar in duodenum and jejunum, as well as to reduce the concentration of MDA in the jejunum (Figure 2). Regarding feed intake, the control group presented lower average consumption (98.7g/animal) when compared with Sham (134g/animal) and treatment groups (132g/animal). Regarding the average weight of the animals, it was observed that there was no statistically significant difference. It was found that peppermint essential oil presented moderate protective effect on phytobenzoar‐induced gastric restriction and reduced the loss of the architecture of intestinal viles.