BackgroundA close association between maize roots and Burkholderia cepacia complex (BCC) bacteria has been observed in different locations globally. In this study we investigated by MultiLocus Restriction Typing (MLRT) the genetic diversity and relationships among Burkholderia cenocepacia IIIB and BCC6 populations associated with roots of maize plants cultivated in geographically distant countries (Italy and Mexico), in order to provide new insights into their population structure, evolution and ecology.ResultsThe 31 B. cenocepacia IIIB and 65 BCC6 isolates gave rise to 29 and 39 different restriction types (RTs), respectively. Two pairs of isolates of B. cenocepacia IIIB and BCC6, recovered from both Italian and Mexican maize rhizospheres, were found to share the same RT. The eBURST (Based Upon Related Sequence Types) analysis of MLRT data grouped all the B. cenocepacia IIIB isolates into four clonal complexes, with the RT-4-complex including the 42% of them, while the majority of the BCC6 isolates (94%) were grouped into the RT-104-complex. These two main clonal complexes included RTs shared by both Italian and Mexican maize rhizospheres and a clear relationship between grouping and maize variety was also found. Grouping established by eBURST correlated well with the assessment using unweighted-pair group method with arithmetic mean (UPGMA). The standardized index of association values obtained in both B. cenocepacia IIIB and BCC6 suggests an epidemic population structure in which occasional clones emerge and spread.ConclusionsTaken together our data demonstrate a wide dispersal of certain B. cenocepacia IIIB and BCC6 isolates in Mexican and Italian maize rhizospheres. Despite the clear relationship found between the geographic origin of isolates and grouping, identical RTs and closely related isolates were observed in geographically distant regions. Ecological factors and selective pressure may preferably promote some genotypes within each local microbial population, favouring the spread of a single clone above the rest of the recombinant population.

Introdução: Tetralogia de Fallot compõe o grupo de cardiopatias cianogênicas definida pela existência de quatro defeitos, entre eles, a comunicação interventricular, estenose pulmonar, dextroposição da aorta e hipertrofia do ventrículo direito. Trata-se de uma doença frequente, cuja conduta terapêutica é variável, mostrando bons resultados após correção cirúrgica total. Objetivo: Avaliar a evolução clínica de crianças internadas em uma Unidade de Terapia Intensiva Cardiológica Pediátrica após correção total de Tetralogia de Fallot. Casuística e Métodos: Estudo descritivo com análise quantitativa de pacientes menores de 18 anos de idade, submetidos à cirurgia corretiva de Tetralogia de Fallot, em hospital terciário de São José do Rio Preto, no período de 01 de janeiro de 2011 a 31 de dezembro de 2013. Resultados: Dos 30 pacientes operados no período, 70% (21) apresentaram em seu diagnóstico Tetralogia de Fallot associada a outras doenças cardíacas, sendo a mais frequente a Tetralogia de Fallot com estenose/hipoplasia da valva pulmonar, 66,67% (20) evoluíram com algum tipo de complicação, 26,67% (8) foram a óbito e 63,33% (19) se encontram em bom estado geral e assintomáticos após 30 dias da cirurgia. Conclusão: Apesar do alto índice de complicações e número de mortalidade preocupante, o que se deve à complexidade da doença e perfil da população, o estudo revela que a maioria das crianças submetidas à cirurgia corretiva de Tetralogia de Fallot apresentou prognóstico favorável. Este resultado se deve aos serviços que dispõem de excelentes métodos de diagnóstico e equipe multiprofissional devidamente treinada para a técnica cirúrgica e manejo durante o pós-operatório. O conhecimento do perfil desses pacientes pela equipe multiprofissional e em especial pela enfermagem oportuniza uma abordagem diferenciada e normatizada, o que pode ser determinante para uma intervenção bem sucedida.

Coronary artery bypass grafting reduces plasma L-carnitine and may impair the production of myocardial energy. L-carnitine supplementation may elevate plasma L-carnitine and increase cardiac mechanical efficiency. The objective of this study was to verify the recovery of preoperative plasma LC in patients with heart failure undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting supplemented with a daily oral dose of 50 mg / kg. Volunteers with ischemic heart failure who underwent surgery were randomized into a supplemented group (A-received 50 mg / kg L-carnitine) or placebo group (B) for 60 days. Supplementation was started on the third postoperative day. The spectrophotometric enzymatic method was used to quantify plasma L-carnitine. In the preoperative period, both groups had plasma L-carnitine adequate to the reference range (18.9-71.1 μM). On the second postoperative day, there was a reduction in plasma L-carnitine in groups A (17.4%) and B (14.4%). In the comparison between the groups, plasma L-carnitine was higher in group A than B in 10º (p = 0.024), 30º (p = 0.001), and 60º postoperative day (p = 0.008). Supplementation of L-carnitine at a daily oral dose of 50 mg / kg in patients with heart failure undergoing coronary artery bypass grafting may recover preoperative plasma L-carnitine within 10 days.

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