The correct disposal of the waste generated by human activities is one of the prevalent challenges that the world faces towards a sustainable development. The lack of suitable sites and the high cost of waste treatment have persuaded many municipalities to implement a policy for integrated waste management, which includes measures such as, source reduction, reuse, recycling, composting and final disposal in landfill. This study examined the alternatives for composting of the organic waste generated in the city of Bauru, in the state of São Paulo, which does not have a composting plant, and analyzed the environmental impacts of seven scenarios: current situation, in which all organic waste is disposed at the landfill; dispatch of the organic waste generated in the city to the closest municipality having a composting plant; construction of a composting plant in Bauru; use of home composting for 10%, 25%, 60% and 90% of organic waste. The method consisted of literature review, data collection among the company responsible for the waste management in the municipality, and the Life Cycle Assessment of the scenarios through the software IWM-2 for the Life Cycle Inventory and Recipe2008 conversion factors for the following impact categories: climate change, ozone depletion, particulate matter formation, and human and freshwater toxicity. The results showed that home composting must be followed by a reduction in the organic waste collection days, in order to have a positive effect in the greenhouse emissions derived from transportation and collection. Also home composting has a greater potential to reduce carbon dioxide equivalent emissions per mass of waste composted in comparison with composting plants. The use of transfer station can have a positive effect on composting plants that are located in other municipalities.

The prevalence of cluster headache in Barbacena was lower than that observed in many locations worldwide.

RESUMO As próteses bucomaxilofaciais (PBMF) têm como objetivo a reabilitação oral de pacientes com mutilações decorrentes de cirurgias de câncer de boca. Como parte dessa reabilitação oral, a terapia fonoaudiológica associada ao biofeedback ultrassonográfico da língua possibilita melhor precisão da produção de fala. O presente estudo teve por objetivo caracterizar a produção de fala de um indivíduo com histórico de múltiplas cirurgias oncológicas que levaram à glossectomia total, com auxílio de um dispositivo individualizado de acrílico, idealizado a partir da parceria Odonto-Fonoaudiologia da instituição e confeccionado por especialista em PBMF e terapia fonoaudiológica, utilizando o biofeedback visual com ultrassonografia. O indivíduo era homem, 45 anos, professor aposentado com histórico de carcinoma epidermóide de língua com episódios de recidiva. Como tratamento oncológico, foram realizadas diversas cirurgias associadas à radioterapia, ao longo de sete anos. O tratamento oncológico culminou com a glossectomia total e instalação de osteorradionecrose de mandíbula. O tratamento desta sequela da radioterapia também exigiu múltiplas abordagens cirúrgicas, com perda de grande parte da mandíbula, levando ao severo comprometimento das funções de deglutição e fala. Durante o atendimento multiprofissional da equipe Odonto-Fonoaudiologia de um hospital universitário, foi idealizada a confecção de um dispositivo individualizado de acrílico, objetivando melhorar a inteligibilidade da fala do paciente. Tal dispositivo foi confeccionado por dentista especialista em PBMF e ajustado em conjunto com a equipe de Fonoaudiologia. Com o dispositivo de acrílico adaptado, o indivíduo iniciou a terapia fonoaudiológica associada ao biofeedback, por meio da ultrassonografia de língua, com o objetivo de promover o refinamento da produção de fala dos fones fricativos [s] e [∫]. Ao comparar a avaliação pré-terapia e pós-terapia, foi possível identificar, após a análise das falas por juízes, melhora quanto à Porcentagem de Consoantes Corretas, de moderadamente severa para levemente moderada, bem como a inteligibilidade de fala, de insuficiente para regular. O dispositivo individualizado com a terapia fonoaudiológica associada ao biofeedback produziram resultados de fala satisfatórios, considerando-se a gravidade do caso e o elevado grau de mutilação do paciente.

No abstract

#5011 Introduction: The South Asian population comprises 3% of total UK population. An observational study showed that the Asian women living in the London boroughs of Redbridge and Camden present at a younger age with breast cancer than their Caucasian counterpart. This raises the question as to whether or not an earlier intervention with breast screening would be beneficial for this group.
 Methods: To verify our study, we audited two centres in these London boroughs. The patients with breast cancer from areas with a higher concentration of women of South Asian ethnic origin have been audited from January 2000 to December 2007 (Total 9 years). The borough of Redbridge has an Asian population of 25% from a total of 240,000 residents and Camden has an Asian population of 10.4% from a total of 198,000 residents. Data was collected from the breast units and from patient databases of King George Hospital and Royal Free hospital, London, UK.
 Results: A total of 1314(513+801) patients presented with breast cancer from January 2000 to December 2004 at King George Hospital and from January 2002 to December 2007 at Royal Free Hospital. 147(11.18%) of these patients were of South Asian origin (Indian, Pakistani, Bangladeshi, Sri Lankan) and 1149 (87.44%) were Caucasian. The age at which breast cancer was presented for the Caucasian population ranges from 25 to 99 years with a mean of 65.16 in contrast to the age for the Asian population which ranges from 31 to 78 years with a mean of 54.04.
 Conclusions: The finding of a lower mean age of incidence of breast cancer amongst South Asian women in Redbridge and Camden raises the increased possibility of breast cancer occurring among younger women of the South Asian population in general, compared to Caucasian women living in the United Kingdom. The evidence of a generally younger age of presentation of breast cancer in Asian women living in the UK suggests that more awareness of this condition is needed amongst this group. Therefore, an earlier breast screening programme will possibly increase the chances of early detection of breast cancer among this group of patients. Citation Information: Cancer Res 2009;69(2 Suppl):Abstract nr 5011.