The production of black pepper seedlings through grafting is a promising strategy to mitigate the effect of environmental stresses, such as drought, that limit its cultivation. However, studies on compatibility between grafts and rootstocks are still scarce, especially considering the wild species of the genus Piper and the cultivated genotypes of black pepper. The objective of this work was to evaluate the relationship between primary metabolism and the development of black pepper seedlings obtained through intra- and interspecific grafting. The method used was that of cleft lateral grafting, as graft the Bragantina cultivar, better known in the world as ‘Panniyur 1’, and ‘Kottanadan’ cultivar and three wild species (Piper hispidum, Piper aduncum and Piper tuberculatum) were used as root-stock. As a control, ´Bragantina` was grafted onto itself (homograft). The experiment was carried out for 110 days and the seedlings were evaluated for development, gas exchange, and carbohydrate allocation. The rootstock influences the development and primary metabolism of seedlings. P. aduncum showed greater initial compatibility among wild species, due to less impediment to carbohydrate flow. P. tuberculatum showed early incompatibility, as the grafts died. The seedlings grafted on P. hispidum and 'Kottanadan' had initial compatibility with an average of 78% survival and 60% budding, but they may have late incompatibility due to limitation of carbohydrate flow.

No abstract

Estratégias de manejo agrícola podem melhorar a produção, especialmente em regiões com condições ambientais críticas para o desenvolvimento de culturas agrícolas, porém, em plantas como o abacaxizeiro, ainda carece de pesquisa aplicada para otimizar a produção e a qualidade dos frutos.  Este trabalho, teve como objetivo avaliar o desenvolvimento das plantas e a qualidade dos frutos do abacaxizeiro das cultivares Pérola e Vitória, submetidas a dois métodos de cultivo (com e sem mulching) e dois tipos de capina (química e manual). O experimento foi conduzido na Região Norte do Espírito Santo, em delineamento de blocos casualizados, esquema fatorial triplo 2x2x2, onde avaliaram-se as cultivares Pérola e Vitória, inclusão ou não de mulching e realização da capina química ou manual. As plantas foram avaliadas quanto ao desenvolvimento vegetativo, teores de macro e micronutrientes e índice SPAD na folha D. Foram avaliadas a firmeza, massa, comprimento, diâmetro central e características físico-químicas. Nas condições edafoclimáticas do experimento, a cultivar Pérola teve crescimento mais rápido, porém teor de sólidos solúveis baixo (12º Brix) em relação à ‘Vitória’, apresentando-se indiferente em relação ao tipo de capina e mulching. Já a cv. Vitória produziu frutos com maior firmeza e teor de sólidos solúveis de 16 ºBrix, com importantes incrementos com o uso de mulching e capina manual, destacando-se nas características físico-químicas relacionado a qualidade dos frutos, o que leva a recomendar -se o uso destas técnicas para seu cultivo na região Litoral Norte do Espírito Santo.

The objective of this work was to evaluate the effect of shoot types and plant ages for floral induction on the performance of 'Vitória' pineapple (Ananas comosus). The experiment was carried out from April 2015 to December 2016, using shoots of two different classifications (slips of 100 to 200 g and suckers of 201 to 300 g). Artificial floral induction was performed at the eighth, tenth, and twelfth months after planting, and natural induction was also evaluated. Evaluations for vegetative development, phenology, and productivity were performed. A significant interaction was observed between the studied factors for width and area of the “D” leaf. Shoot type did not influence productivity. Natural flowering extended the crop cycle by 617 days. The induction performed at the eighth month anticipated harvest by up to 167 days. Earlier inductions reduced productivity by 58.15% due to the reduction of fruit mass. Naturally induced plants produced larger fruit ranging from 1.0 to 1.2 kg. Inductions from the eighth to the tenth month promote harvesting in more favorable seasons.

The objective of this study was to adjust and validate mathematical models to estimate physical and chemical characteristics of pineapple fruits (Ananas comosus L.) through their linear dimensions. For this purpose, 130 fruits of the cultivar BRS Vitória were used, produced at the experimental farm of the Capixaba Institute of Research, Technical Assistance and Rural Extension, located in the municipality of Sooretama, North of the State of Espírito Santo, Brazil. Of all fruits, the length (L), diameter (D), mass (M), titratable acidity (TA) and soluble solids (SS) were determined. For the modeling, the characteristics M, TA and SS were used as a dependent variable in function of L and D of the fruits, being adjusted the models of equation of first degree linear, quadratic and power. All equations were valid, thus obtaining the mean absolute error, root mean square error and Willmott d index. The diameter showed a better relationship with the physical and chemical characteristics of the pineapple fruit cultivar BRS Vitória, the equations being y = 0.0015(D)^2.7451, y = 1.076350-0.261046(D)+0.018081(D)^2 e y = 21.91682-4.58785(D)+0.31048(D)^2 more suitable for estimating the mass, titratable acidity and soluble solids respectively, in a simple, safe and without the need to destroy the fruits.