Contemporary critical proposals and works focused on investing the visual image to convey the desired meanings and connotations as purposeful messages to society. Many studies dealt with the concept of image and visual culture in architecture without focusing on these two concepts and their relationship to aesthetic taste in general and the impact of this on architectural critical practices in particular in a way that broadens the knowledge base about the critical and architectural inspirational and creative possibilities. So, the research is directed towards finding and defining the real relationship between these concepts to seek to understand and present their multiple aspects and expand their theoretical knowledge base. This research aims to define the general framework of the image culture and then focus on studying the culture of the contemporary visual image and its relationship to the aesthetic taste, which are directly related to the contemporary critical movement, and to determine the nature of the dynamic relations between them, to reach a theoretical framework that represents the foundations and rules affecting the enrichment of aesthetic taste and enriching its messages by clarifying the elements of the image, its expressive and aesthetic value, and how to read it, in addition, to clarify the extent to which the aesthetic taste of society is affected by the components of the architectural image, and finding general frameworks for the role of the image in enriching the critical practice in the context of society, with presenting the conclusions and recommendations.

Despite the development of architecture, the courtyard remained one of the most important methods of preserving the privacy and suitability of the environmental and social aspects as well as its role in the process of regulating the spatial relations between the mass and the vacuum, highlighting the importance, especially in light of the increasing seriousness of slums in the design and neglect of its role in the architectural form and reflections of the shape of the courtyard In the form of the composition of the building, thus the problem of the search was (Lack of cognitive perception available on the role of the internal courtyard in the organization of the function of architecture and its implications at the level of bilateral and three-dimensional mass configuration). And the approach of research to clarify the architectural characteristics of the structured internal courtyard and its functions and strategy as well as the patterns of spatial structure through the construction of knowledge framework, and then a comprehensive theoretical framework of the internal courtyard structured derived from the architectural proposals to reflect the final in four main words: The architectural characteristics of the structured inner courtyard, the spatial structure patterns of the structured inner courtyard, the functions of the organized inner courtyard, and the structured interior design strategy. It has been applied to selected projects to clarify the extent to which these indicators are achieved and to reach conclusions, which showed the existence of a relationship between the two (vacuum and mass) on the one hand and between the two (vacuum, and spatial organization of the spaces) on the other hand, and three aspects: Mass formation, function formation, and movement configuration", reflecting the internal courtyard structure in terms of simplicity or complexity.

اعتمدت العمارة في الفترة الأخيرة التي تلت فترة العمارة الحديثة مفهوم التعبير كمفهوم أساس في العلاقة مع المتلقي والمصمم على حد سواء .ومفهوم التعبير بدوره اعتمد على مفاهيم أخرى عديدة تداخلت أحيانا وتباعدت أحيانا أخرى .ومن هذه المفاهيم الرئيسية مفهوم الحوار والذي طرح في هذا البحث كجدلية مهمة اعتمدها فكر عمارة ما بعد الحداثة وما تلاها ،في إقامة جسور ربط بين مختلف الطرز المعمارية وبين العالمية والمحلية لتصب كل هذه الارتباطات فيما بعد ضمن مصلحة إنتاج الفكر المعماري المعتمد المزاوجة بين الماضي والحاضر ،العالمي والمحلي... الخ من الثنائيات ذات العلاقة فقد طرح البحث المفهوم في محاولة لتوضيح وتصنيف وتبويب المعرفة حوله،والتي احتوت توضيح كل من موقع المفهوم في الطروحات العامة وتعاريفه وأهميته (في العمارة خاصة).ثم الإشارة لما يهدف إليه المفهوم وتوضيح الفرق بينه وبين مفهوم متاخم مهم آخر آلا وهو الجدل ،ثم اتجه لتوضيح أساليبه العامة وأهمية كل أسلوب مع استعراض الطروحات المعمارية الخاصة بالمفهوم متناولا إياها بالنقد والتحليل ،لإبراز الجوانب المهمة منها والخاصة بتناولها للمعهوم. ثم اتجه البحث للتركيز على توضيح نقاط الارتباط المفصلية مع مفهوم مركزي في الطروحات المعاصرة ألا وهو مفهوم التواصل من خلال طرح قنوات إنتاج الحوار ذات الصلة المهمة بمفهوم التواصل وصولا لطرح العلاقة النهائية بين مفهومي الحوار والتواصل ،لبيان أهمية دراسة وجود أو عدم وجود علاقة بين التواصل وبين مفهوم الحوار واثر ذلك وبشكل نهائي على العمارة ،ليحدد البحث ويطرح أخيرا الاستنتاجات النهائية العامة .

Reconstruction of archaeological buildings with destroyed or collapsed parts is considered oneof the most important and accurate operations in the field of preserving those buildings, given the continuityof these operations in the continuity of those archaeological buildings with their architectural and technicaldetails, and even their continued performance in their urban environment in many cases. These operationsare concerned with missing parts or the replacement of damaged parts. Many studies emerged that dealtwith this important aspect of reconfiguring and completing the demolished parts in historical and heritagebuildings, whether at the level of the part or all according to specific laws, but no study of the formal andintellectual mechanisms used to rebuild and reconstruct these buildings and their potential for architecturalproductions. Therefore, the research problem that emerged from the lack of clarity of knowledge about themost important formal and intellectual mechanisms for rebuilding in architecture and its cognitive indicatorswithin the outcome emerged, and the research was divided into two parts, the first part represented by thegeneral theoretical presentation that included the reconstruction processes and related determinants andclarification of the mechanism of formalism (similar and its connections) Theory and intellectual mechanism(analogy and its theoretical correlations), previous studies and the second part which represented the appliedside to form the theoretical framework from the above and applied it to groups of architectural productionsand then presented and discussed and analyzed the results of that application up to the presentation ofCrowns and recommendations that were referring to the general vision of the basic concept of researchadopted, the mechanistic aspect of form rather than intellectual.

The research deals with the thermal range phenomenon at the in inhabited areas. The shape and size of buildings varies according to the location, weather conditions and elements of the environment, thus exploring the nature, the negative effects, the causes and the elements of the human environment that help increase this phenomenon to the aim of developing the appropriate solutions to reduce the effects of the thermal range phenomenon. Hence emerged the issue of this research (The Absence of Comprehensive and Clear Sustainable Design Solutions to Reduce the Phenomenon of Thermal Range). In order to find solutions for this problem, a comprehensive conceptual framework was developed that illustrates a set of sustainable design solutions to reduce the phenomenon of thermal range. The theoretical framework application concepts on selected local study cases adopted to determine the extent to which these cases are met for the sustainable design solutions within the theoretical framework. By analyzing the results of the application, the selective local study cases showed that they did not acquire these solutions a matter that leads to the increase of this phenomenon and its multiple negative effects. The research concluded that the adoption of the sustainable design treatments within the theoretical framework is contributing to reduce this phenomenon that most of our local cities are suffering from.