In East Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia, 42.6% of children under five had stunted growth in 2018, which affects both individual and communal levels. The first step in creating effective interventions is identifying the risk factors for stunting. This study aims to pinpoint the stunting risk factors in East Nusa Tenggara Province, Indonesia, by incorporating secondary data from the 2018 Indonesia Basic Health Research (RISKESDAS). This study implemented a cross-sectional design by utilizing the data of individuals who were successfully visited during the survey. Initial data screening in East Nusa Tenggara Province based on the criteria for children aged 0–59 months and stunting showed as many as 1643. Multivariate logistic regression analysis was performed to evaluate the relationship between children’s characteristics and stunting. There was a significant relationship between age group variables for younger children (aged 12–23, 24–35, and 36–47 months), mothers with low education, and children living in rural areas with the incidence of stunting in children (p-value < 0.05). The dominant factors that caused stunting in this study were the children’s age of 24–35 months (OR = 2.08, 95% CI: 1.12–3.86), mothers with low education (OR = 1.57, 95% CI: 1.18–2.08), and children living in rural areas (OR = 1.39, 95% CI: 1.01–1.91). The highest prevalence of stunting was in the group of children aged 12–23 months (45.2%). To prevent child stunting, the government must intervene for mothers with low education and those living in rural areas. Intervention includes intensive socialization about improving nutritional status during pregnancy and practicing complementary feeding and breastfeeding habits until the child is 24 months old.

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Introduction: Coal-fired power plants contribute to air pollution emissions of nearly one-third of global SO2 , 14 % of NOx , and 5 % of PM2.5. This condition could worsen adults’ respiratory health who live close to power plants; WHO estimates that COPD and LRTI cause around 18% of premature deaths related to outdoor air pollution. This literature review aims to conduct a systematic review of the health impacts of coal-fired power plant emissions on adults’ respiratory systems and explore what risk factors lead to decreased lung status. Also, to answer how risk factors influence decreased lung function in adults’ respiratory system from coal-fired power plants’ emissions. Discussion: This study used a literature study method using an online database to of various research data sources with the same topic. The searching of articles was performed based on the inclusion criteria. From an initial collection of 468 articles, after screening and considering its feasibility, four articles were obtained to serve as material for the final systematic review. The literature review showed that there had been a change in lung function of respiratory system of adults due to long-term exposure to emissions from coal-fired power plants. Factors that influence decreased lung function in adults were NOx and SO2 exposure levels, residence distance, wind direction, age, and smoking status. Conclusion: Future research should focus on improving models for assessing exposure to NOx , SO2 , PM10 and PM2.5, considering age and smoking habits in evaluating lung function.