The increase of heart failure prevalence on menopausal women was correlated with the decrease of estrogen level. The aim of this study is to investigate the effects of ceplukan leaf (Physalis minima L.), which contains phytoestrogen physalin and withanolides, on ventricular TNF-α level and fibrosis in ovariectomized rats. Wistar rats were divided into six groups (control (—); OVX 5: 5-week ovariectomy (OVX); OVX 9: 9-week ovariectomy; treatments I, II, and III: 9-weeks OVX + 4-week ceplukan leaf's methanolic extract doses 500, 1500, and 2500 mg/kgBW, resp.). TNF-α levels were measured with ELISA. Fibrosis was counted as blue colored tissues percentage using Masson's Trichrome staining. This study showed that prolonged hypoestrogen increases ventricular fibrosis (p < 0.05). Ceplukan leaf treatment also resulted in a decrease of ventricular fibrosis and TNF-α level in dose dependent manner compared to without treatment group (p < 0.05). Furthermore, the TNF-α level was normalized in 2500 mg/kgBW Physalis minima L. (p < 0.05) treatment. The reduction of fibrosis positively correlated with TNF-α level (p < 0.05, r = 0.873). Methanolic extract of ceplukan leaf decreases ventricular fibrosis through the inhibition of ventricular TNF-α level in ovariectomized rats.

In chronic alcohol consumption, there is an increase of intestinal mucosa layer permeability. Acetaldehyde, an alcohol metabolite, plays an important role in this change because it causes redistribution of proteins of epithelial junctions from intercellular to intracelullar locations. Therefore, gut permeability increases which leads to an increase of gut endotoxin in the portal vein. This gut endotoxin activates Kupffer cells to produce cytokines, especially TNF-α, and reactive oxygen species (ROS). These ROS activate the NF-kB pathway resulting in an increase of TNF-α production. Besides that, in hepatocytes, TNF-α can induce ROS production in mitochondria through an electron transport chain reaction. Either TNF-α or ROS has a high potential to cause liver injuries and inflammations.Key words: Kupffer cells, alcohol, liver, endotoxinAbstrak: Pada konsumsi alkohol kronis terdapat peningkatan permeabilitas mukosa usus. Asetaldehid (metabolit alkohol) berperan penting terhadap perubahan tersebut karena bahan ini menyebabkan redistribusi protein-protein taut epitelial dari intersel ke intrasel. Peningkatan permeabilitas usus berlanjut dengan peningkatan kadar endotoksin (yang berasal dari usus) dalam darah portal. Endotoksin ini akan mengaktivasi sel Kupffer untuk memroduksi sitokin, terutama TNF-α, dan reactive oxygen species (ROS). Selanjutnya ROS akan mengaktivasi jalur NF-kB, yang menghasilkan peningkatan produksi TNF-α. Selain itu pada hepatosit TNF-α dapat menginduksi produksi ROS mitokondria melalui rantai transpor elektron. Baik TNF-α maupun ROS sangat potensial menyebabkan cedera dan inflamasi hati.Kata kunci: sel Kupffer, alkohol, hati, endotoksin

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driving inflammation through immune cell recruitment in vascular disease. Targeting senescence and senescence-associated inflammation in particular, could limit injury-induced neointima formation and neoatherosclerosis. Conflict of Interest NoBS35

The aim of this study is to investigate the effect of black tea administration on serum adiponectin level in male Wistar fed with atherogenic diet (AD). This study was designed as a true experimental design that assigns 20 rats, and divides them into four groups as follows: P1 (AD 3 months); P2, P3, and P4 (3 months AD + black tea extract administration at dosage 0.015gr/day, 0.03gr/day, 0.045gr/day, respectively). Serum adiponectin level was measured using ELISA method. This study demonstrated that there is an elevation trend of adiponectin level as the dose elevated. However, serum adiponectin level in AD-only group (380.6ng/mL) was not significantly different with treatment group (386.93ng/mL, 404.27ng/mL, and 416.6ng/mL in P2, P3, and P4, respectively) (ANOVA, p = 0.352). Furthermore, there was no significant association between the dosage of black tea and adiponectin levels (Pearson correlation test, p = 0.073, r = 0.373). We concluded that black tea extract increased serum adiponectin level insignificantly in atherogenic diet rats.