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The bleaching process is critical to improving the colour, flavour, taste, and stability of the final oil products of palm oil. The bleaching process uses bleaching earth (BE), which after several cycles, becomes a waste called Spent Bleaching Earth (SBE). Impurities cover the surface of SBE from the purification process. Regeneration by utilizing acid can increase the absorption capacity of SBE. The purpose of this research is to obtain the optimal combination of nitric acid concentration and heating temperature in the regeneration process of SBE. Response Surface Method (RSM) with Central Composite Design (CCD) was employed, using two factors of concentration of nitric acid and the heating temperature. The responses analysed in this research include colour, absorption efficiency, and yield. The obtained optimum condition in the treatment was found in the concentration of nitric acid (0.75 M) and a heating temperature of 430.8°C. The results of this research indicated colour absorption efficiency of 95.7557%, the yield of 52.4846%. The verified optimal solution obtained was 94.68% of absorption efficiency and 51.43% of yield. The Regenerated Spent Bleaching Earth (RSBE) optimum conditions compared to BE. The colour absorption efficiency utilizing BE was 96.77%, 2% higher than that of RSBE at 94.68%. The value of RSBE colour absorption efficiency in optimum conditions similar to that of the BE.

Clove essential oil (EO) has a high eugenol content. Fresh cloves need to go through a drying and distillation process to produce essential oils. However, sun drying cannot be done optimally during the rainy season. Therefore, some farmers (SMEs) use the oven drying method. The initial study found that the eugenol content after the drying process decreased. Therefore, this study aimed to maintain high eugenol content in dry cloves. After identifying the problem, it is solved using the TRIZ method, and research is continued for a new oven prototype. Three issues are found in drying cloves based on field surveys and literature studies. First, the clove moisture content is not uniform after the drying process. The second problem was that the clove was too dry after the drying process and the eugenol content decreased. And the third problem is the oven that has been used so far is still fuel-wasting. The literature studies also found several parameters to be a reference in designing a new oven: the number of trays in the oven, clove thickness, the space between the trays in the oven, and the steam gap on the tray. In addition, the appropriate oven coating material can also be determined (plywood, galvanized plate, and air). In the TRIZ method, several solutions were found to design a new oven. Eight things have been changed from the existing drying oven, including the number of trays in the oven, a steam gap in each tray, the size of the mesh used for the tray base, material for the drying oven, the thickness of the cloves on the tray, the temperature used in the drying process, installation of a thermostat to control the temperature in the oven, separate combustion chamber from the tray space (indirect heating), and without using a blower

In the process of production, batik industry often used chemicals such as dye used in dyeing process. Waste water of batik industry containing high concentration of BOD, COD, suspended solid, and color relatively high. One of alternative processing for liquid waste batik is using the neutralization and electrocoagulation method. The purposes of this research were to find the influence of processing with the neutralization and electrocoagulation methode, to find the removal efficiency and to know optimal voltage in reducing the concentration of total chromium, COD, and TSS on liquid waste batik. At the neutralization methode using concentrated HCl. Electrode used in electrocoagulation methode was aluminium as plate electrodes. The observation parameter were total chromium, COD, and TSS at 0, 30, 60, and 90 minutes. The process of neutralization and electrocoagulation of liquid waste batik most effective was reached on voltage 12 volts at 90 minutes that decrease total chromium concentration from 4,908 mg/L to 0,005 mg/L, COD concentration from 1890 mg/L to 68,55 mg/L, and TSS concentration from 296,7 mg/L to 41 mg/L. the voltage as able to produce electrical power equal to 0,036 KWH. A method of electrocoagulation most efficient to remove 99,90%, 96,37%, and 86,18% of total chromium, COD, and TSS respectively. Keywords : Total Chromium, COD, TSS, Liquid Waste Batik, Electrocoagulation