ABSTRACT… Objective: To find out the eruption timing of the first deciduous tooth and the factors affecting its eruption timing. Study Design: This study is hospital based. Setting: Lahore and Rajana. Period: 07.01.2016 to 28.08.16. Material and Method: All the participating children are from 05 months to 13 years age. In this study, information about children's first deciduous tooth eruption, mode of feeding, nutritional status and the family's socioeconomic status is taken from their mother. The data is fed in SPSS for window V 16.0 and calculated the average age at which the first milk tooth is erupted. Result and Conclusion: A total of 170 children from both genders were scrutinized. The first deciduous tooth eruption in our study was found to be the mandibular central incisor at the mean age of 8 months (7.86). Girls get early primary dentition than boys, breast and non-breast feeding bears no difference and children from low socioeconomic group have early primary eruption. Article Citation: Rathore E, Nadeem M, Salahuddin B. First primary tooth eruption; a survey of its timing in Pakistani children and factors effecting its chronology. Keywords

Objectives: This study was conducted to study the effect of Eugenia jambolana extract on the thickness of epithelium in albino rats. Study Design: This experimental study. Setting: Conducted in the animal house, Anatomy Department, Post Graduate Medical Institute, Lahore, Pakistan. Period: July to August 2015. Material and Methods: Total 48 albino rats were taken in this study and were divided into three groups. Histological changes of the buccal mucosa were studied on 3rd, 4th, 10th and 20th day after the induction of gingivitis in both control and experimental group. Results: On day 3, the cellular infiltrate was three times in both experimental groups. The total count of neutrophils was 22.50±2.082, eosinophils was 50.00±1.414 in group 1B. In group 1C, the neutrophils count was 27.50±1.915, eosinophil count was 5.00±0.816. On day 4, in group-2B, no eosinophils were seen. Lymphocytes was 19.75±1.708, neutrophils was 6.50±1.219 and macrophages was 3.25±1.258. In group 2C, lymphocytes and macrophages present, very few neutrophils were also seen. Some fibroblast nuclei were seen. In group 2C, no eosinophils were seen. The lymphocytes count was 9.00±1.155, neutrophil count was 4.00±1.414 and macrophage count was 1.25±0.050. On day 10, lymphocytes, plasma cells, macrophages and few neutrophils were seen. In group3B, macrophages with large nucleus 3.25±0.95 lymphocytes 1.25 ±0.500 and few neutrophils 1.00±0.000 were also present. No eosinophils were present. In group 3C, less inflammatory cells (table 4) beneath the epithelium. The subepithelial tissue consisted of more lymphocytes 1.75±0.500 and neutrophils 1.25±0.500.On day 20, very few lymphocytes 1.75±0.500 and neutrophils 1.50±0.577 in experimental group 4B. In group 4C, lymphocytes 1.75±0.500 and neutrophils 1.50±0.577 were present, no evidence of macrophages and eosinophils in group 4B and 4C. Conclusion: This study proved the beneficial effects of Eugenia jambolana on the healing of gingivitis. The contents in Eugenia jambolana have an anti-inflammatory action on soft tissues.

Objective: To find out the eruption timing of the first deciduous tooth and thefactors affecting its eruption timing. Study Design: This study is hospital based. Setting:Lahore and Rajana. Period: 07.01.2016 to 28.08.16. Material and Method: All the participatingchildren are from 05 months to 13 years age. In this study, information about children’s firstdeciduous tooth eruption, mode of feeding, nutritional status and the family’s socioeconomicstatus is taken from their mother. The data is fed in SPSS for window V 16.0 and calculatedthe average age at which the first milk tooth is erupted. Result and Conclusion: A total of170 children from both genders were scrutinized. The first deciduous tooth eruption in ourstudy was found to be the mandibular central incisor at the mean age of 8 months (7.86). Girlsget early primary dentition than boys, breast and non-breast feeding bears no difference andchildren from low socioeconomic group have early primary eruption.