Optical frequency combs, consisting of well‐controlled equidistant frequency lines, have been widely used in precision spectroscopy and metrology. Terahertz combs have been realized in quantum cascade lasers (QCLs) by employing either an active mode‐locking or phase seeding technique, or a dispersion compensator mirror. However, it remains a challenge to achieve the passive comb formation in terahertz semiconductor lasers due to the insufficient nonlinearities of conventional saturable absorbers. Here, a passive terahertz frequency comb is demonstrated by coupling a multilayer graphene sample into a QCL compound cavity. The terahertz modes are self‐stabilized with intermode beat note linewidths down to a record of 700 Hz and the comb operation of graphene‐coupled QCLs is validated by on‐chip dual‐comb measurements. Furthermore, the optical pulse emitted from the graphene‐coupled QCL is directly measured employing a terahertz pump–probe technique. The enhanced passive frequency comb operation is attributed to the saturable absorption behavior of the graphene‐integrated saturable absorber mirror, as well as the dispersion compensation introduced by the graphene sample. The results provide a conceptually different graphene‐based approach for passive comb formation in terahertz QCLs, opening up intriguing opportunities for fast and high‐precision terahertz spectroscopy and nonlinear photonics.
In order to study the effect of the Si content on the morphology, amount, and distribution of fayalite (Fe 2 SiO 4 ), three low-carbon steels with different Si contents were selected, and reheating tests were conducted in an industrial furnace in a hot strip plant. The results show that Si distributes in two forms-first, Fe 2 SiO 4 , in the innermost layer of the oxide scale, and, second, granular SiO 2 , dispersively distributed in the matrix near the scale. In addition, Fe 2 SiO 4 appears in a net-like form in the innermost layer of the oxide scale close to the iron matrix when the Si content is 1.21 wt. %. However, no obvious net-like Fe 2 SiO 4 is observed when the Si content is less than 0.25 wt. %. Moreover, the inhibition effect of the solid Fe 2 SiO 4 on the oxidation reaction plays a more important role than the promotion effect of the liquid Fe 2 SiO 4 during the entire oxidation reaction. Therefore, the total thickness of the scale decreases with the increase in Si content.
scite is a Brooklyn-based organization that helps researchers better discover and understand research articles through Smart Citations–citations that display the context of the citation and describe whether the article provides supporting or contrasting evidence. scite is used by students and researchers from around the world and is funded in part by the National Science Foundation and the National Institute on Drug Abuse of the National Institutes of Health.